Suchergebnisse

Die steigende Nachfrage nach großmaßstäblichen Standorts-und Bodeninformationen im Bereich der forstlichen Planungs- und Entscheidungsunterstützung umfasst auch die Grundwasserflurabstände. Diese gehen entweder direkt in statistische und prozessorientierte Modelle ein oder sind eine wichtige Grundlage für die digitale Standortsprognose. In dieser Untersuchung wurde für das niedersächsische Tiefland ein Disaggregierungsansatz entwickelt, mit dem der mittlere Grundwassertiefstand (MNGW) der flächendeckenden BÜK50 von Niedersachsen (1 : 50000) in die Grundwasserflurabstandseinstufung der Standortskartierung (1 : 25000) übersetzt werden kann, die nicht flächendeckend vorliegt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch die Disaggregierung eine Verbesserung der Ableitung von Grundwasserinformation für Waldstandorte aus der BÜK50 erreicht werden kann. Die Genauigkeit (AC) erhöhte sich von 0,64 auf 0,69 und der Kappa-Koeffizient von 0,34 auf 0,48. Trotzdem ist die Übereinstimmung zwischen modellierten und kartierten Einstufungen mit einem Kappa-Koeffizienten von 0,48 des Validierungsdatensatzes nur als "moderat" zu bezeichnen. ; The increasing demand for site and soil data in high spatial resolution for planning and decision support in forestry amongst others requires information on the depth to groundwater level. The depth to groundwater level enters either statistical or process-oriented models and is a requirement for digital forest site mapping. In this study, a disaggregation approach of groundwater level information was developed for the Lower Saxonian lowlands. A model was developed to translate the average minimum groundwater level from a state wide digital soil map in the scale 1 : 50,000 (BÜK50) into depth to groundwater level classes of the Lower Saxonian forest site mapping scheme in the scale 1 : 25,000. Theprocedure yields significant improvements of groundwater estimation from the digital soil map for forest sites in the lowlands. The accuracy (AC) increased from 0.64 to 0.69 and the kappa coefficient from 0.34 to 0.48. Nevertheless, the agreement between modeled and field-mapped values yielded a kappa coefficient value of 0.48, which could be described as a "moderate" agreement.

Sämtliche Klimaprojektionen lassen für Sachsen-Anhalt einen deutlichen Temperaturanstieg bei gleichzeitig veränderter saisonaler Niederschlagsverteilung erwarten. Von den Folgen des Klimawandels wird insbesondere die langfristig handelnde Forstwirtschaft betroffen sein, da sich die Produktionsgrundlagen, die Risiken und die Ertragsaussichten wesentlich verändern. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie sind in ausgewählten Regionen Sachsen-Anhalts auf der Basis räumlich hoch aufgelöster Klima-, Standort-, Bestandes- und Risikoinformationen Entscheidungshilfen für das operationale Handeln von Forstbetrieben entwickelt worden. Als Modellregionen dienen der Oberharz, der Fläming und die Colbitz-Letzlinger Heide. -- SW: Stichworte: Oberharz, Fläming, Colbitz-Letzlinger Heide, biotische Risiken, Trockenstressrisiko, Sturmschadensrisiko, Standort-Leistungsbezug, Waldbrandrisiko

Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract global change. We analyze 161 long-term biological time series (15-91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising similar to 6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local conditions. Our results reveal that local trends of abundance, richness and diversity differ among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex and cannot be easily generalized. However, we find increases in richness and abundance with increasing temperature and naturalness as well as a clear spatial pattern in changes in community composition (i.e. temporal taxonomic turnover) in most biogeoregions of Northern and Eastern Europe. The global biodiversity decline might conceal complex local and group-specific trends. Here the authors report a quantitative synthesis of longterm biodiversity trends across Europe, showing how, despite overall increase in biodiversity metric and stability in abundance, trends differ between regions, ecosystem types, and taxa. ; Y We are grateful to the ILTER network and the eLTER PLUS project (Grand Agreement No. 871128) for financial support. We acknowledge the E-OBS dataset from the EUFP6 project ENSEMBLES (http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com) and the data providers in the ECA&D project (http://www.ecad.eu).The evaluation of forest plant diversity was based on data collected by partners of the official UNECE ICP Forests Network (http://icp-forests.net/contributors); part of the data were co-financed by the European Commission, project LIFE 07 ENV/D/000218 "Further Development and Implementation of an EU-level Forest monitoring Systeme (FutMon)". Data on wintering water birds in Bulgaria were provided by the national Executive Environment Agency with the Ministry of Environment and Waters. Data from the Finnish moth monitoring scheme were supported by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. Data from the Swedish ICP Integrated Monitoring sites were financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Data collection at Esthwaite Water and a subset of UK ECN sites was supported by Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCaPE programme delivering National Capability. Sponsorship of other UK ECN sites contributing data was provided by Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Natural Resources Wales, Defense Science Technology Laboratory, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Forest Research, the James Hutton Institute (The Rural & Environment Science & Analytical Services Division of the Scottish Government), Natural England, Rothamsted Research, Scottish Government, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Welsh Government. Data from the Mondego estuary (Portugal) were supported by the Centre for Functional Ecology Strategic Project (UID/BIA/04004/2019) within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and COMPETE 2020, and by FEDER through the project ReNATURE (Centro 2020, Centro-01-765-0145-FEDER-000007). We would like to thank Limburgse Koepel voor Natuurstudie (LiKoNa) for the data related to the National Park Hoge Kempen (BE). We would like to acknowledge the support for the long-term monitoring program MONEOS in the Scheldt estuary (BE) by `De Vlaamse Waterweg' and `Maritieme Toegang' (Flemish government). We are grateful to the board of the National Park "De Hoge Veluwe" for the permission to conduct our research on their property. We thank Ian J. Winfield and Terje Bongard for contributing data for the sites: Bassenthwaite Lake, Derwent Water (UK) and Atna River (Norway, freshwater invertebrate time series). Open access funding provided by Umea University. ; Pilotto, F; Haase, P (corresponding author), Senckenberg Res Inst, Gelnhausen, Germany; Nat Hist Museum, Gelnhausen, Germany; Univ Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany. francesca.pilotto@umu.se; francesca.pilotto@umu.se

Este artículo contiene 11 páginas, 2 tablas, 4 figuras. ; Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract global change. We analyze 161 long-term biological time series (15–91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising ~6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local conditions. Our results reveal that local trends of abundance, richness and diversity differ among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex and cannot be easily generalized. However, we find increases in richness and abundance with increasing temperature and naturalness as well as a clear spatial pattern in changes in community composition (i.e. temporal taxonomic turnover) in most biogeoregions of Northern and Eastern Europe. ; We are grateful to the ILTER network and the eLTER PLUS project (Grand Agreement No. 871128) for financial support. We acknowledge the E-OBS dataset from the EUFP6 project ENSEMBLES (http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com) and the data providers in the ECA&D project (http://www.ecad.eu). The evaluation of forest plant diversity was based on data collected by partners of the official UNECE ICP Forests Network (http://icp-forests.net/contributors); part of the data were co-financed by the European Commission, project LIFE 07 ENV/D/000218 "Further Development and Implementation of an EU-level Forest monitoring Systeme (FutMon)". Data on wintering water birds in Bulgaria were provided by the national Executive Environment Agency with the Ministry of Environment and Waters. Data from the Finnish moth monitoring scheme were supported by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. Data from the Swedish ICP Integrated Monitoring sites were financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Data collection at Esthwaite Water and a subset of UK ECN sites was supported by Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/ R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCaPE programme delivering National Capability. Sponsorship of other UK ECN sites contributing data was provided by Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Natural Resources Wales, Defense Science Technology Laboratory, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Forest Research, the James Hutton Institute (The Rural & Environment Science & Analytical Services Division of the Scottish Government), Natural England, Rothamsted Research, Scottish Government, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Welsh Government. Data from the Mondego estuary (Portugal) were supported by the Centre for Functional Ecology Strategic Project (UID/BIA/04004/2019) within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and COMPETE 2020, and by FEDER through the project ReNATURE (Centro 2020, Centro-01-765-0145-FEDER-000007). We would like to thank Limburgse Koepel voor Natuurstudie (LiKoNa) for the data related to the National Park Hoge Kempen (BE). We would like to acknowledge the support for the long-term monitoring program MONEOS in the Scheldt estuary (BE) by 'De Vlaamse Waterweg' and 'Maritieme Toegang' (Flemish government). We are grateful to the board of the National Park "De Hoge Veluwe" for the permission to conduct our research on their property. We thank Ian J. Winfield and Terje Bongard for contributing data for the sites: Bassenthwaite Lake, Derwent Water (UK) and Atna River (Norway, freshwater invertebrate time series). Open access funding provided by Umeå University. ; Peer reviewed