Suchergebnisse

Introduction : The impact of innovations in biotechnology on social cohesion / Michael D. Mehta -- The impact of agricultural biotechnology on social cohesion / Michael D. Mehta -- Agricultural biotechnology and developing countries : issues of poverty alleviation, food security, and sustainable development / Jacqueline E.W. Broerse and Joske F.G. Bunders -- Legitimation crisis : food safety and genetically modified organisms / Christopher K. Vanderpool, Toby A. Ten Eyck, and Craig K. Harris -- Genetically modified foods in Norway : a consumer perspective / Margareta Wandel -- Commercializing Iceland : biotechnology, culture, and the information society / Kyle Eischen -- Biotechnology and social control : the Canadian DNA data bank / Neil Gerlach -- Biotechnology as modern museums of civilization / Annette Burfoot and Jennifer Poudrier -- The production, diffusion, and use of knowledge in biotechnology : the discovery of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes / Robert Dalpé, Louise Bouchard, and Daniel Ducharme

This article argues that advances in nanotechnology in general, and lab-on-chip technology in particular, have the potential to benefit the developing world in its quest to control risks to human health and the environment. Based on the "risk society" thesis of Ulrich Beck, it is argued that the developed world must realign its science and technology policy priorities to meet some of the most pressing needs of humanity.

Using Canada as a case study, this article argues that regulating biotechnology and nanotechnology is made unnecessarily complex and inherently unstable because of a failure to consult the public early and of-ten enough. Furthermore, it is argued that future regulators (and promoters) of nanotechnology may learn valuable lessons from the mistakes made in regulating biotechnology.

Advances in biotechnology make possible the transition toward a carbohydrate-based economy. By modifying plants to sequester more carbon and survive on marginal lands, more cost-effective means for using biomass are explored. This article discusses how better use of biomass can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and poses questions about how this transition can occur.

Sociologists of science and others have long been interested in how advances in science come about, and their potential social and economic impacts. Developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology will provide social scientists with a unique opportunity to explore how scientific activities form de novo. Additionally, scientists will have the opportunity to examine the factors that drive science and technology in certain directions by considering how different models of innovation may explain how the topography of the knowledge-based economy is being shaped by radically new approaches to science.

At present there is an enormous discrepancy between our nanotechnological capabilities (particularly our nanobiotechnologies), our social wisdom, and consensus on how to apply them. To date, cost considerations have greatly constrained our application of nanotechnologies. However, novel advances in microsystem platform technologies are about to greatly diminish that economic constraint while developing new industries. Properly used in a solid legal and ethical framework, within an educated population, these advances will vastly enrich our quality of life without being intrusive. Improperly used, these technologies could lead to a modern-day Luddism, social turmoil, or possibly even to emulating those societies described in the darkest of novels. These technologies must be developed in tandem with the social and legal frameworks needed to ensure that they improve both individuals and our society. To ensure that this occurs, we need to have the ethical, legal, scientific, and engineering experts working together and with the public.