Suchergebnisse

City competitiveness is a complex product of local and international conditions, local characteristics, social and economic superstructure, and the actions of individual companies. Although many scientific studies have examined the country's and urban competitiveness, the competitiveness of port cities still needs to be assessed comprehensively, taking into account their crucial economic role. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the competitiveness and economic security of the Baltic port cities (Klaipėda, Riga, and Tallinn). Statistical processing and multi-criteria evaluation methods (SAW, COPRAS, and TOPSIS) were chosen to achieve this goal. The comparative analysis showed that the population change in port cities is not significant for the final result of the competitiveness assessment, and the unemployment rate in port cities is lower than in the country. The assessment of the competitiveness of port cities from the point of view of economic security shows (after checking such indicators as unemployment rate, company income, and infrastructure) that Tallinn is the most competitive port city according to the three multi-criteria evaluation methods, while Klaipėda is the least competitive. The assessment was carried out in three stages to monitor changes in the situation of port cities, compared to changes in a certain indicator and the costs of timely solutions or the improvement of the city's position in relation to other cities.

The process of companies undertaking adaptation in the face of changing conditions which have been influenced by factors such as globalisation, technological changes, environmental changes, competition, political decisions, worker mobility, population structure, and so on, is one of the major challenges of modern corporate governance. Changes in a company are inevitable, but they do not always directly correlate with the employee's sense of security, including whether the employee feels safe about their workplace, in-come, of future roles in the company in the face of potential changes. There is an inverse relationship between the employee's sense of security and their time spent with the company. One way of managing this which can help to ensure a sense of security for employees within the company is to directly involve them in the process of implementing changes in the organisation. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the principal aspects of employee engagement in change management processes and to gain an increased level of understanding in terms of the implementation of change at the organisational level by involving employees. Research methods: a systematic and comparative analysis of concepts and methods which have been published in the available scientific literature, statistical processing, an instrumental case study, interviews, surveys, and a content analysis of strategic documents; followed by modelling. The theoretical contribution of the paper demonstrates construction of methodology quidded on the Emergent perspective and new theoretical insights on professional discourse. Practical input shows that employee involvement in change processes is directly related to the speed of strategic change in the company

The process of companies undertaking adaptation in the face of changing conditions which have been influenced by factors such as globalisation, technological changes, environmental changes, competition, political decisions, worker mobility, population structure, and so on, is one of the major challenges of modern corporate governance. Changes in a company are inevitable, but they do not always directly correlate with the employee's sense of security, including whether the employee feels safe about their workplace, in-come, of future roles in the company in the face of potential changes. There is an inverse relationship between the employee's sense of security and their time spent with the company. One way of managing this which can help to ensure a sense of security for employees within the company is to directly involve them in the process of implementing changes in the organisation. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the principal aspects of employee engagement in change management processes and to gain an increased level of understanding in terms of the implementation of change at the organisational level by involving employees. Research methods: a systematic and comparative analysis of concepts and methods which have been published in the available scientific literature, statistical processing, an instrumental case study, interviews, surveys, and a content analysis of strategic documents; followed by modelling. The theoretical contribution of the paper demonstrates construction of methodology quidded on the Emergent perspective and new theoretical insights on professional discourse. Practical input shows that employee involvement in change processes is directly related to the speed of strategic change in the company

The process of companies undertaking adaptation in the face of changing conditions which have been influenced by factors such as globalisation, technological changes, environmental changes, competition, political decisions, worker mobility, population structure, and so on, is one of the major challenges of modern corporate governance. Changes in a company are inevitable, but they do not always directly correlate with the employee's sense of security, including whether the employee feels safe about their workplace, in-come, of future roles in the company in the face of potential changes. There is an inverse relationship between the employee's sense of security and their time spent with the company. One way of managing this which can help to ensure a sense of security for employees within the company is to directly involve them in the process of implementing changes in the organisation. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the principal aspects of employee engagement in change management processes and to gain an increased level of understanding in terms of the implementation of change at the organisational level by involving employees. Research methods: a systematic and comparative analysis of concepts and methods which have been published in the available scientific literature, statistical processing, an instrumental case study, interviews, surveys, and a content analysis of strategic documents; followed by modelling. The theoretical contribution of the paper demonstrates construction of methodology quidded on the Emergent perspective and new theoretical insights on professional discourse. Practical input shows that employee involvement in change processes is directly related to the speed of strategic change in the company

The process of companies undertaking adaptation in the face of changing conditions which have been influenced by factors such as globalisation, technological changes, environmental changes, competition, political decisions, worker mobility, population structure, and so on, is one of the major challenges of modern corporate governance. Changes in a company are inevitable, but they do not always directly correlate with the employee's sense of security, including whether the employee feels safe about their workplace, in-come, of future roles in the company in the face of potential changes. There is an inverse relationship between the employee's sense of security and their time spent with the company. One way of managing this which can help to ensure a sense of security for employees within the company is to directly involve them in the process of implementing changes in the organisation. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the principal aspects of employee engagement in change management processes and to gain an increased level of understanding in terms of the implementation of change at the organisational level by involving employees. Research methods: a systematic and comparative analysis of concepts and methods which have been published in the available scientific literature, statistical processing, an instrumental case study, interviews, surveys, and a content analysis of strategic documents; followed by modelling. The theoretical contribution of the paper demonstrates construction of methodology quidded on the Emergent perspective and new theoretical insights on professional discourse. Practical input shows that employee involvement in change processes is directly related to the speed of strategic change in the company

This paper aims at investigating military and demographic inter-linkages in the context of the Lithuanian sustainability. The investigation combines three important economic aspects such as demographic, military and sustainable development. The authors have revealed that demographic trends should be seen as a necessary conditions for ensuring the functioning of the military sector contributes to public security and sustainable development in general. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis, also Monte Carlo forecasting method have been applied for this purpose. Research results have revealed statistically significant interrelationship between military personnel as a share of total labour force and population growth rate, population median age, total fertility rate as well as birth rate. Moreover, Monte Carlo forecasting method allowed revealing for the next 10 years a steady slight increase in armed forces personnel, stable population growth rates, a rapid aging process and a slight decline of total fertility rate. Military and demographic estimations and future projections allow government to incorporate information into planning and sustainable development policy. The insights from this research may contribute to implementing the goals of sustainable development related to eradication of poverty, inequality, social exclusion, improvement in education, well-being and employment and tackling climate change.

The continuous improvement of military leadership identity to maintain excellent performance with respect to the promotion of mission success is a highly desired by the Lithuanian Armed Forces. This study seeks to identify the criteria for effective leadership behavior that is appreciated by Lithuanian servicemen. The validated Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ XII) was used to collect data representing followers' preferences with respect to commander–leader behavior by assessing twelve leadership behavior criteria. Additionally, commander–leaders were chosen as experts to judge the importance of the criteria by pair-wise assessment. Consequently, the Fuzzy Decision Making (FDM) with Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method based on the new concept of the relationship between the influenced and influencing criteria were employed to analyze the ranking using leadership behavior and to establish the causal relationships among the criteria when the collected data were expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. This study contributes to military leadership by using a novel approach for identifying and prioritizing the behavior criteria for leaders. The results indicate six "cause" constructs: ability to persuade, taking the lead, result orientation, accurate forecasting, building interpersonal relationships, and cooperation with managers. These findings could assist militaries in designing effective improvement strategies for continuous leadership training.

The continuous improvement of military leadership identity to maintain excellent performance with respect to the promotion of mission success is a highly desired by the Lithuanian Armed Forces. This study seeks to identify the criteria for effective leadership behavior that is appreciated by Lithuanian servicemen. The validated Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ XII) was used to collect data representing followers' preferences with respect to commander–leader behavior by assessing twelve leadership behavior criteria. Additionally, commander–leaders were chosen as experts to judge the importance of the criteria by pair-wise assessment. Consequently, the Fuzzy Decision Making (FDM) with Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method based on the new concept of the relationship between the influenced and influencing criteria were employed to analyze the ranking using leadership behavior and to establish the causal relationships among the criteria when the collected data were expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. This study contributes to military leadership by using a novel approach for identifying and prioritizing the behavior criteria for leaders. The results indicate six "cause" constructs: ability to persuade, taking the lead, result orientation, accurate forecasting, building interpersonal relationships, and cooperation with managers. These findings could assist militaries in designing effective improvement strategies for continuous leadership training.

The continuous improvement of military leadership identity to maintain excellent performance with respect to the promotion of mission success is a highly desired by the Lithuanian Armed Forces. This study seeks to identify the criteria for effective leadership behavior that is appreciated by Lithuanian servicemen. The validated Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ XII) was used to collect data representing followers' preferences with respect to commander–leader behavior by assessing twelve leadership behavior criteria. Additionally, commander–leaders were chosen as experts to judge the importance of the criteria by pair-wise assessment. Consequently, the Fuzzy Decision Making (FDM) with Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method based on the new concept of the relationship between the influenced and influencing criteria were employed to analyze the ranking using leadership behavior and to establish the causal relationships among the criteria when the collected data were expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. This study contributes to military leadership by using a novel approach for identifying and prioritizing the behavior criteria for leaders. The results indicate six "cause" constructs: ability to persuade, taking the lead, result orientation, accurate forecasting, building interpersonal relationships, and cooperation with managers. These findings could assist militaries in designing effective improvement strategies for continuous leadership training.

The continuous improvement of military leadership identity to maintain excellent performance with respect to the promotion of mission success is a highly desired by the Lithuanian Armed Forces. This study seeks to identify the criteria for effective leadership behavior that is appreciated by Lithuanian servicemen. The validated Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ XII) was used to collect data representing followers' preferences with respect to commander–leader behavior by assessing twelve leadership behavior criteria. Additionally, commander–leaders were chosen as experts to judge the importance of the criteria by pair-wise assessment. Consequently, the Fuzzy Decision Making (FDM) with Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method based on the new concept of the relationship between the influenced and influencing criteria were employed to analyze the ranking using leadership behavior and to establish the causal relationships among the criteria when the collected data were expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. This study contributes to military leadership by using a novel approach for identifying and prioritizing the behavior criteria for leaders. The results indicate six "cause" constructs: ability to persuade, taking the lead, result orientation, accurate forecasting, building interpersonal relationships, and cooperation with managers. These findings could assist militaries in designing effective improvement strategies for continuous leadership training.

As geopolitical instability increases and new threats emerge, a number of countries are increasing their respective allocations for defence expenditure in order to take greater responsibility for their citizens in terms of defending and protecting their values and way of life. Small states such as Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia must evaluate certain economic, political, and strategic factors when increasing their respective defence expenditure. While they do tend to increase expenditure on national defence matters, budgetary constraints often force them to cut funding in some civilian domains or to increase their borrowing on international markets. Therefore, the security and defence of small states must be addressed in an integrated way, taking into account economic, social, and environmental factors. The aim of this article is to assess the relationships between defence expenditure and sustainable development indicators during the period between 2000 and 2018 in the Baltic states. The authors of this article aimed to determine which sustainable development indicators have a significant impact upon a country's expenditure when it comes to defence matters. The study was conducted using econometric methods, including Spearman's correlation analysis and Automatic Linear Modelling (ALM). The research results revealed some differences amongst the Baltic countries. In Lithuania, the employment rate and R&D personnel as a share of the active population demonstrated a significant impact upon defence expenditure. In Latvia, defence expenditure was found to be affected by disposable household income per capita and environmental taxes as a share of total tax revenue. In Estonia, defence expenditure was mainly influenced by disposable household income per capita and energy import dependency. The study's findings may be used to ensure both the security of the country and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals.

As geopolitical instability increases and new threats emerge, a number of countries are increasing their respective allocations for defence expenditure in order to take greater responsibility for their citizens in terms of defending and protecting their values and way of life. Small states such as Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia must evaluate certain economic, political, and strategic factors when increasing their respective defence expenditure. While they do tend to increase expenditure on national defence matters, budgetary constraints often force them to cut funding in some civilian domains or to increase their borrowing on international markets. Therefore, the security and defence of small states must be addressed in an integrated way, taking into account economic, social, and environmental factors. The aim of this article is to assess the relationships between defence expenditure and sustainable development indicators during the period between 2000 and 2018 in the Baltic states. The authors of this article aimed to determine which sustainable development indicators have a significant impact upon a country's expenditure when it comes to defence matters. The study was conducted using econometric methods, including Spearman's correlation analysis and Automatic Linear Modelling (ALM). The research results revealed some differences amongst the Baltic countries. In Lithuania, the employment rate and R&D personnel as a share of the active population demonstrated a significant impact upon defence expenditure. In Latvia, defence expenditure was found to be affected by disposable household income per capita and environmental taxes as a share of total tax revenue. In Estonia, defence expenditure was mainly influenced by disposable household income per capita and energy import dependency. The study's findings may be used to ensure both the security of the country and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals.

The article explores the relationship between sustainable development and the regional security complex. Problems of sustainability are widely analysed since the goals of sustainable development are based on the same principles that are relevant to every country. Implementation of the sustainable development goals contributes to the understanding that the contemporary lifestyle, consumption, globalisation and the use of natural resources may have a significant impact on the quality of life of future generations. Therefore, the state's responsibility is to ensure economic, social, environmental, cultural and political security for the present and future generations in all regions. However, the regional security complex has not been analysed sufficiently. The goal of this article is to analyse the relationship between sustainability and regional security in terms of the situation in Lithuania with regards to its economic, social and military security. The regional security complex and sustainable development may be determined and analysed by way of observing the same factors and indicators. Indicators describing economic, social and political security are analysed to reach the objective of the article. Authors of the article have chosen segmentation and classification methods such as decision making trees to conduct the research. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the economic and social factors are directly related to the political (military) security in the regions of Lithuania. Therefore, further research could focus on clarifying the full regional security complex that is relevant to each region in Lithuania.

The article explores the relationship between sustainable development and the regional security complex. Problems of sustainability are widely analysed since the goals of sustainable development are based on the same principles that are relevant to every country. Implementation of the sustainable development goals contributes to the understanding that the contemporary lifestyle, consumption, globalisation and the use of natural resources may have a significant impact on the quality of life of future generations. Therefore, the state's responsibility is to ensure economic, social, environmental, cultural and political security for the present and future generations in all regions. However, the regional security complex has not been analysed sufficiently. The goal of this article is to analyse the relationship between sustainability and regional security in terms of the situation in Lithuania with regards to its economic, social and military security. The regional security complex and sustainable development may be determined and analysed by way of observing the same factors and indicators. Indicators describing economic, social and political security are analysed to reach the objective of the article. Authors of the article have chosen segmentation and classification methods such as decision making trees to conduct the research. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the economic and social factors are directly related to the political (military) security in the regions of Lithuania. Therefore, further research could focus on clarifying the full regional security complex that is relevant to each region in Lithuania.

The article explores the relationship between sustainable development and the regional security complex. Problems of sustainability are widely analysed since the goals of sustainable development are based on the same principles that are relevant to every country. Implementation of the sustainable development goals contributes to the understanding that the contemporary lifestyle, consumption, globalisation and the use of natural resources may have a significant impact on the quality of life of future generations. Therefore, the state's responsibility is to ensure economic, social, environmental, cultural and political security for the present and future generations in all regions. However, the regional security complex has not been analysed sufficiently. The goal of this article is to analyse the relationship between sustainability and regional security in terms of the situation in Lithuania with regards to its economic, social and military security. The regional security complex and sustainable development may be determined and analysed by way of observing the same factors and indicators. Indicators describing economic, social and political security are analysed to reach the objective of the article. Authors of the article have chosen segmentation and classification methods such as decision making trees to conduct the research. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the economic and social factors are directly related to the political (military) security in the regions of Lithuania. Therefore, further research could focus on clarifying the full regional security complex that is relevant to each region in Lithuania.