Suchergebnisse

The ability of Latino teachers & administrators to serve as active representatives for Latino students is evaluated using statistical data on 12 FL school districts, with at least 8% Latino enrollment, 1979-1990. Strong evidence is found for active representation, along with strong support for Frank J. Thompson's (1976) hypothesis that street-level bureaucrats are more likely than upper-level ones to serve as active representatives. Lenneal J. Henderson's (1979) hypothesis that a critical mass of administrators of one group is needed before administrators can be expected to actively represent the interests of a minority group is also supported. 5 Tables, 56 References. Adapted from the source document.

MANAGEMENT THEORY SUGGESTS THAT MANAGEMENT MATTERS IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS--ITS IMPACT IS CONDITIONAL ON STRUCTURE AND OFTEN NONLINEAR IN FORM. THIS ARTICLE DISTILLS MUCH OF THE THEORETICAL WORK ON MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS INTO A FORMAL, TESTABLE MODEL. MANAGEMENT IS PRESENTED AS MORE CRUCIAL IN NETWORKS THAN IN MORE STRUCTURED HIERARCHIES.

RECENTLY, SCHOLARS HAVE FOCUSED ON POLICY DESIGN FLAWS AS THE CAUSE OF POLICY FAILURE RATHER THAN ON THE FAILURE OF BUREAUCRATS TO FOLLOW THE DICTATES OF ELECTED OFFICIALS. THE POLICY DESIGN LITERATURE SUGGEST THAT POLICY COHERENCE AND CONTEXT, THE NATURE OF TARGET POPULATIONS, AND THE TRACTABILITY OF THE POLICY PROBLEM PREDICT A POLICY'S SUCCESSFUL ENFORCEMENT. ALTERNATE HYPOTHESES ARGUE THAT THE LOCAL-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION ENVIRONMENT AND THE RESOURCES THAT THE GOVERNMENT COMMITS TO IMPLEMENTATION HAVE AN IMPACT ON ENFORCEMENT LEVELS. TO TEST THESE HYPOTHESES, COULD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT IS MODELED IN A POOLED TIME SERIES ANALYSIS. THE AUTHORS FIND THAT POLICY MAKERS' UNDERSTANDING OF THE POLICY PROBLEM AND THE LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT OF THE STATUTE INFLUENCE WHETHER STATUTES ARE SUCCESSFUL. IN ADDITION ENFORCEMENT IS A FUNCTION OF COMMITTED RESOURCES TO IMPLEMENTATION; BUREAUCRATIC VALUES; AND LOCAL VARIATION IN THE NEED FOR SERVICES, IN FISCAL INCENTIVES, IN CLIENT CHARACTERISTICS, AN DIN PARTY COMPETITION. THE FINDINGS REVEAL SOME OF THE FLAWS IN THE POLICY DESIGN THEORIES THAT CAUSE DIFFICULTIES IN EMPIRICAL TESTS.

Uses Terry Moe's (1989) argument -- that effective public policies require presidentially created & run bureaucracies because only presidents have the incentives to consider broader public interests -- to examine the historical performance of the US federal drug law enforcement agencies, agencies that met Moe's criteria for president-dominated bureaucracy. Rather than effective public policy, revealed is an agency with little policy expertise, the absence of effective bureaucratic leadership, & public policy activities that have little or no impact on drug usage. This case study suggests that linkage between bureaucratic design & policy effectiveness is far more complex than Moe portrays. 46 References. Adapted from the source document.

Abortion funding policies were used in the US during the 1980s to affect the prevalence of abortion among low-income women. Using data from previously published research, 1983-1989 (N = 198 abortion cases), it is argued that abortion funding policies are determined by a combination of redistributive policy & morality policy, & therefore influenced by political forces, eg, prior redistributive policy & conservative ideology, & by the strength of advocacy groups. A third determinant of abortion funding, it is suggested, may create biases for support of current policy. 1 Table, 22 References. Adapted from the source document.