Suchergebnisse

Hauptbeschreibung: Sonja Meier verfolgt die Entwicklung der Gesamtschuldverhältnisse vom römischen Recht über das Gemeine Recht und die Kodifikationsprojekte des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts bis hin zum heutigen Recht in Deutschland und seinen Nachbarrechtsordnungen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Gesamtschuldverhältnisse aus Vertrag, bei der Haftung mehrerer auf Ersatz desselben Schadens und bei Mitbürgen. Die Autorin untersucht, warum die Pandektisten zwischen Korreal- und Solidarobligationen unterschieden, welchen Gesamtschuldbegriff der BGB-Gesetzgeber vor Augen hatte und warum sich gerade das deutsche R

AbstractIntroductionSocio‐behavioural factors may contribute to the wide variance in HIV prevalence between and within sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries. We studied the associations between socio‐behavioural variables potentially related to the risk of acquiring HIV.MethodsWe used Bayesian network models to study associations between socio‐behavioural variables that may be related to HIV. A Bayesian network consists of nodes representing variables, and edges representing the conditional dependencies between variables. We analysed data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 29 SSA countries between 2010 and 2016. We predefined and dichotomized 12 variables, including factors related to age, literacy, HIV knowledge, HIV testing, domestic violence, sexual activity and women's empowerment. We analysed data on men and women for each country separately and then summarized the results across the countries. We conducted a second analysis including also the individual HIV status in a subset of 23 countries where this information was available. We presented summary graphs showing associations that were present in at least six countries (five in the analysis with HIV status).ResultsWe analysed data from 190,273 men (range across countries 2295 to 17,359) and 420,198 women (6621 to 38,948). The two variables with the highest total number of edges in the summary graphs were literacy and rural/urban location. Literacy was negatively associated with false beliefs about AIDS and, for women, early sexual initiation, in most countries. Literacy was also positively associated with ever being tested for HIV and the belief that women have the right to ask their husband to use condoms if he has a sexually transmitted infection. Rural location was positively associated with false beliefs about HIV and the belief that beating one's wife is justified, and negatively associated with having been tested for HIV. In the analysis including HIV status, being HIV positive was associated with female‐headed household, older age and rural location among women, and with no variables among men.ConclusionsLiteracy and urbanity were strongly associated with several factors that are important for HIV acquisition. Since literacy is one of the few variables that can be improved by interventions, this makes it a promising intervention target.

Cover -- Section I Constitutional Law -- Of Judicial Justice -- The Gap between the Theories of Justice and Judicial Practice -- Dilemma intrinsic in the Concept of Justice -- Division of Justice -- Justice as a Communicative Procedure -- The Justice as a 'Vanishing Point' -- The Constitution Conformant Interpretation - Norm Compatibilisation Through Harmonisation by Way of Interpretation -- I. An Instrument of Constitutionalisation -- II. The Concept of Constitution Conformant Interpretation -- 1. Derivation, Premises and Mode of Action -- 2. Limits -- III. A Legal Key Concept -- IV. Four Questions regarding the Constitution Conformant Interpretation -- 1. Is it Interpretation? -- a) Competing Contents of a Norm -- b) The Character of the Exclusion of Interpretation -- 2. Do the Constraints Work? -- 3. Does the Derivation Work? -- a) Hierarchically Structured Unity and Consistency of the Legal Order -- b) Legal Capacity and Legal Ability -- 4. Do the Intended Effects Correspond to the Results? -- a) Reducing a Norm's Content Without Reducing a Norm's Shape -- b) The Constitution Conformant Interpretation by Ordinary Courts -- c) The Constitution Conformant Interpretation by the FCC -- V. A Preliminary Conclusion -- Section II Legal Theory -- Legal Construction between Legislation and Interpretation -- I. Interpretation -- 1. Interpretation as Intentional Explanation -- 2. Meaning and Intentions -- 3. Legislative Intent -- II. Legal Construction -- 1. Legal Construction as the Interpretation of a Text -- 2. Construction Versus Association -- 3. The Fiction of an Author -- 4. Legal Construction Versus Legal Interpretation -- a) Generality -- b) Consistency -- c) Instrumental Rationality -- d) Evaluative Rationality -- e) "The Fusion of Horizons" -- 5. Legal Construction Versus Legislation -- 6. Legal Construction and the Rule of Law

Der Band enthält die Vorträge des 6. Seoul-Freiburg Law-Faculties Symposium, das im Juni 2016 in Freiburg i. Br. stattfand. Seit ihrem Beginn im Jahre 1996 hat die Partnerschaft zwischen der Law School der Seoul National University und der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs Universität vielfältige Früchte getragen, wesentlich zum gegenseitigen Verständnis des Rechtsdenkens und der Rechtsforschung in beiden Rechtskulturen und Rechtsordnungen beigetragen und damit zugleich die ebenso alte wie wertvolle Tradition der engen Verknüpfung zwischen koreanischem und deutschem Recht fortgeführt. Wie bereits die vorangehenden Symposien widmete sich das Symposium des Jahres 2016 mit dem Generalthema 'Relationship between the Legislature and the Judiciary' einem grundsätzlichen Problem, dessen spezifische Ausprägungen im Verfassungsrecht, in der Rechtstheorie, im Privatrecht, im Strafrecht, im Handelsrechts und im Verwaltungsrechts Gegenstand der Vorträge und Diskussionen waren. Mit Beiträgen von: Un Jong Pak, Matthias Jestaedt, Ralf Poscher, Hong Sik Cho, Kye Joung Lee, Frank Schäfer, Jinsu Yune, Jan von Hein, Sank Won Lee, Ok-Rial Song, Boris Paal, Maximilian Haedicke, Seongwook Heo, Dongjin Lee