Suchergebnisse

Background: At the same time of Covid-19's transmission peak, Indonesia, as the biggest Moslem population in the world, is facing the holy month of the Ramadhan that contained more praying and religious traditional habits in mass gathering setting. As of social distancing was implementing, this study aims to present the difference between before and during Ramadhan with Covid-19 incidence rates while the implementation of large-sale social distancing (LSSD) was applied. Method: This study was using the dataset which was obtained from Covid-19 reports from the authorities, comprising of the local government of Jakarta and the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The Covid-19 cases were studied in this research: incidence and suspect which were showed in daily rates with before and during Ramadhan while LSSD was applied in Jakarta, Indonesia. Results: There is a difference that happens significantly with the rate of positive confirmed patients before and during Ramadhan while LSSD (p-value = 0.049; mean difference = 33.310). Conclusion: This research presented that the rate of Covid-19 cases decreased during Ramadhan season as social distancing effective to control potential religious and tradition mass gathering in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Enforcement of a smoke-free policy is of vital concern in support of the health of smokers and bystanders. Indonesia has issued a smoke-free law, but implementation and enforcement lie with the regional and municipal governments. In a survey of 225 respondents recruited via schools, knowledge about the health effects of smoking and the smoke-free regulation, as well as attitudes towards and commitment and support of the enforcement of the smoke-free regulation in the Kendari City through an electronic whistleblowing system was examined. Furthermore, the participants were asked about the smoking status and smoking behavior. About half of the respondents were students (teenagers), the other half&mdash ; their parents. Male respondents were strongly overrepresented (85%). Only 18% of the respondents declared to be smokers, mostly adults and males. Both the smokers and the non-smokers supported the smoke-free law and its enforcement through a whistleblowing system. Representatives of the local government were interviewed and participated in focus group discussions. In general, they also exhibited strong support of an electronic enforcement tool. However, issues of efficiency, costs, and responsibility must still be resolved. Nevertheless, an electronic whistleblowing system has the potential to further the health and livelihoods in a community like the Kendari City.

Previous decades, sunshine was taking as medication therapy for respiratory infectious as it triggered vitamin D in fostering body immune. The objective of this brief study is to estimate the outcome of Covid-19 patients as they were exposed by sunshine exposure in those were having care delivery in Surabaya referred hospitals, Indonesia. We collected and analyzed the available Covid-19 data from hospitals surveillance data from the local government of Surabaya data center, including the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency. Three outcomes of Covid-19 were investigated in this study includes: incidence, death, and recovered. The Covid-19 incidence in Surabaya was climbing over the period of investigation. Only the number of dead Covid-19 patients correlated significantly with sunshine exposure in those having care delivery in hospitals (p-value<0.01; r = -0.739). Our findings showed that sunshine correlated significantly with Covid-19's death outcome in Surabaya.

BACKGROUND: With a 264 million population and the second highest male smoking prevalence in the world, Indonesia hosted over 60 million smokers in 2018. However, the government still has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. In the meantime, tobacco import increases rapidly in Indonesia. These create a double, public health and economic burden for Indonesia's welfare. OBJECTIVE: Our study analyzed the trend of tobacco import in five countries: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. Also, we analyze the tobacco control policies implemented in these countries and determine some lessons learn for Indonesia. METHODS: We conducted quantitative analyses on tobacco production, consumption, export, and import during 1990–2016 in the five countries. Data were analyzed using simple ordinary least square regressions, correcting for time series autocorrelation. We also conducted a desk review on the tobacco control policies implemented in the five countries. RESULTS: While local production decreased by almost 20% during 1990–2016, the proportion of tobacco imports out of domestic production quadrupled from 17 to 65%. Similarly, the ratio of tobacco imports to exports reversed from 0.7 (i.e., exports were higher) to 2.9 (i.e., import were 2.9 times higher than export) in 1990 and 2016, respectively. This condition is quite different from the other four respective countries in the observation where their tobacco export is higher than the import. From the tobacco control point of view, the four other countries have ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). CONCLUSION: The situation is unlikely for Indonesia to either reduce tobacco consumption or improve the local tobacco farmer's welfare, considering that the number of imports continued to increase. Emulating from the four countries, Indonesia must ratify the FCTC and implement stricter tobacco control policies to decrease tobacco consumption and import.

Enforcement of a smoke-free policy is of vital concern in support of the health of smokers and bystanders. Indonesia has issued a smoke-free law, but implementation and enforcement lie with the regional and municipal governments. In a survey of 225 respondents recruited via schools, knowledge about the health effects of smoking and the smoke-free regulation, as well as attitudes towards and commitment and support of the enforcement of the smoke-free regulation in the Kendari City through an electronic whistleblowing system was examined. Furthermore, the participants were asked about the smoking status and smoking behavior. About half of the respondents were students (teenagers), the other half—their parents. Male respondents were strongly overrepresented (85%). Only 18% of the respondents declared to be smokers, mostly adults and males. Both the smokers and the non-smokers supported the smoke-free law and its enforcement through a whistleblowing system. Representatives of the local government were interviewed and participated in focus group discussions. In general, they also exhibited strong support of an electronic enforcement tool. However, issues of efficiency, costs, and responsibility must still be resolved. Nevertheless, an electronic whistleblowing system has the potential to further the health and livelihoods in a community like the Kendari City.