Suchergebnisse

Desde la óptica de los estudios sobre la profesión periodística, este artículo revisa las relaciones que se generan entre la oferta académica existente en el área de la comunicación, las condiciones laborales, y la formación que hoy se entrega a los futuros periodistas en América Latina. En este sentido, se reflexiona sobre la incapacidad de mayor absorción de profesionales por parte del mercado laboral tradicional del área: los medios de comunicación. Asimismo, se advierte que las entidades universitarias no estarían respondiendo a las verdaderas demandas de la sociedad, perjudicando la inserción laboral de los recién egresados, y al mismo tiempo, poniendo sobre la mesa los problemas identitarios que la profesión arrastra casi desde la instauración de los estudios formales de periodismo dentro de la región.

La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) es una nueva visión de la gestión estratégica y de la ética corporativa de las organizaciones, donde el cambio tecnológico, económico y cultural, han terminado por redefinir la relación que éstas tienen con sus públicos y con el entorno. Considerando a las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) como un elemento trascendental en la economía y composición social latinoamericana, este trabajo revisa y analiza el rol que la RSE puede cumplir en la gestión de sus intangibles y en la producción de valor dentro de este tipo de formato empresarial. Através de un análisis vinculado al fenómeno organizacional, se discuten tanto las dificultades como las ventajas que la pequeña y mediana empresa presentan ante la adopción de estas estrategias, así como la importancia que tiene la profesionalización de la gestión empresarial y comunicativa, dentro de cada una de ellas.

Tradicionalmente se ha cuestionado el periodismo deportivo, acusándolo de falta de rigor, escasa capacidad crítica con las fuentes y de ignorar los conflictos sociales. Este artículo busca establecer si existen diferencias en las características de la cobertura noticiosa que realizan las secciones de deportes y la que efectúan otras secciones de los medios, evaluando aspectos como cantidad de fuentes, diversidad de puntos de vista y entrega de información verificable. Además, se indaga si existen diferencias en la presencia de los roles profesionales (intervencionista, vigilante, leal, servicio, infoentretenimiento y cívico) en las noticias de la secciones de deportes y las generadas por otras áreas. Utilizando como metodología de investigación un análisis de contenido de noticias realizado en Chile (n = 2,118), durante 2015 en prensa escrita, online, televisión y radio, este estudio comparó las características de la cobertura dada a las noticias de la sección de deportes con las notas publicadas en otros frentes informativos. Los resultados tienden a confirmar las miradas más críticas sobre el periodismo deportivo y muestran que, en comparación con las noticias de política, el número de fuentes que se consulta, la diversidad de puntos de vista que se muestran y la cantidad de información verificable que recibe la audiencia son menores. Respecto de la presencia de los roles profesionales, se observa que, en comparación con otras secciones, las noticias deportivas incluyen con mayor frecuencia roles relacionados con la entrega de opiniones de los periodistas que expresan una mirada positiva de las fuentes.

Journalistic Performance in Sports Coverage: A Comparative Study of Television, Radio, Press, and Online Media in ChileA performance jornalística na cobertura esportiva: um estudo comparado de televisão, rádio, imprensa impressa e meios on-line no ChileTraditionally, sports journalism has been questioned for lacking rigor, having poor critical thinking skills regarding sources, and ignoring social conflicts. This article seeks to establish whether there are differences in the characteristics of news coverage between sports and other sections of media, assessing aspects such as number of sources, diversity of viewpoints, and delivery of verifiable information. In addition, it is inquired if there are differences in the presence of professional roles (interventionist, watchdog, loyal facilitator, service journalism, infotainment and civic-oriented roles) between sports news and those from other sections. Using as a research method an analysis of news contents in Chilean press, online media, television and radio (n = 2.118) in 2015, this study compared the characteristics of news coverage in the sports section with news published in other areas. Results tend to confirm the most critical views on sports journalism and show that, compared to political news, the number of sources used, the diversity of viewpoints involved, and the amount of verifiable information received by the audience are small. As to the presence of professional roles, it is observed that, compared to other sections, sports news more frequently includes roles related to journalists' opinions expressing a positive view of sources.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoScherman, A. y Mellado, C. (2019). La performance periodística en la cobertura deportiva: un estudio comparado de televisión, radio, prensa impresa y medios online en Chile. Palabra Clave, 22(3), e2238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.8Recibido: 14/03/2018Aceptado: 21/09/2018 ; Journalistic Performance in Sports Coverage: A Comparative Study of Television, Radio, Press, and Online Media in ChileA performance jornalística na cobertura esportiva: um estudo comparado de televisão, rádio, imprensa impressa e meios on-line no ChileTradicionalmente se ha cuestionado el periodismo deportivo, acusándolo de falta de rigor, escasa capacidad crítica con las fuentes y de ignorar los conflictos sociales. Este artículo busca establecer si existen diferencias en las características de la cobertura noticiosa que realizan las secciones de deportes y la que efectúan otras secciones de los medios, evaluando aspectos como cantidad de fuentes, diversidad de puntos de vista y entrega de información verificable. Además, se indaga si existen diferencias en la presencia de los roles profesionales (intervencionista, vigilante, leal, servicio, infoentretenimiento y cívico) en las noticias de la secciones de deportes y las generadas por otras áreas. Utilizando como metodología de investigación un análisis de contenido de noticias realizado en Chile (n = 2,118), durante 2015 en prensa escrita, online, televisión y radio, este estudio comparó las características de la cobertura dada a las noticias de la sección de deportes con las notas publicadas en otros frentes informativos. Los resultados tienden a confirmar las miradas más críticas sobre el periodismo deportivo y muestran que, en comparación con las noticias de política, el número de fuentes que se consulta, la diversidad de puntos de vista que se muestran y la cantidad de información verificable que recibe la audiencia son menores. Respecto de la presencia de los roles profesionales, se observa que, en comparación con otras secciones, las noticias deportivas incluyen con mayor frecuencia roles relacionados con la entrega de opiniones de los periodistas que expresan una mirada positiva de las fuentes.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoScherman, A. y Mellado, C. (2019). La performance periodística en la cobertura deportiva: un estudio comparado de televisión, radio, prensa impresa y medios online en Chile. Palabra Clave, 22(3), e2238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.8Recibido: 14/03/2018Aceptado: 21/09/2018 ; Journalistic Performance in Sports Coverage: A Comparative Study of Television, Radio, Press, and Online Media in ChileA performance jornalística na cobertura esportiva: um estudo comparado de televisão, rádio, imprensa impressa e meios on-line no ChileDe forma tradicional, questiona-se o jornalismo esportivo acusando-o de falta de rigor, pouca capacidade crítica com as fontes e de ignorar os conflitos sociais. Este artigo pretende estabelecer se existem diferenças nas características da cobertura jornalística que as seções de esporte realizam e a que outras seções dos meios efetuam, avaliando aspectos como quantidade de fontes, diversidade de pontos de vista e entrega de informação verificável. Além disso, questiona-se se existem diferenças na presença dos papéis profissionais (intervencionista, vigiante, leal, serviço, infotenimento e cívico) nas notícias das seções de esportes e nas geradas por outras áreas. Utilizando como metodologia de pesquisa uma análise de conteúdo de notícias realizada no Chile (n = 2.118), durante 2015, em imprensa escrita, on-line, televisão e rádio, este estudo comparou as características da cobertura dada às notícias da seção de esportes com as publicadas em outras fontes informativas. Os resultados tendem a confirmar as visões mais críticas sobre o jornalismo esportivo e mostram que, em comparação com as notícias de polícia, o número de fontes consultadas, a diversidade de pontos de vista e a quantidade de informação verificável que a audiência recebe são menores. A respeito da presença dos papéis profissionais, observa-se que, em relação com outras seções, as notícias esportivas incluem, com maior frequência, papéis relacionados com opiniões dos jornalistas que expressam um olhar positivo das fontes.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoScherman, A. y Mellado, C. (2019). La performance periodística en la cobertura deportiva: un estudio comparado de televisión, radio, prensa impresa y medios online en Chile. Palabra Clave, 22(3), e2238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.8Recibido: 14/03/2018Aceptado: 21/09/2018

This study examined journalistic role performances in two different media systems: in Chile and in the United States. The main focus of inquiry was to assess how journalistic roles are performed and connected to sourcing in print news stories. The results revealed that the two media systems exercise different professional performances of the watchdog role. The watchdog role in the United States was centrally connected to political and government sources in news stories (54.3% of news stories performed the watchdog model), whereas the watchdog role in Chile was performed significantly less often in national news stories (11.2%) and showed weaker ties to political sources than the U.S. sample. Meanwhile, Chilean journalists covered political sources by performing the interventionist, the infotainment, or the civic journalistic role. Furthermore, the average number of sources per news item in U.S. news was 5.20, whereas the average number in Chilean items was 2.05. The findings are discussed in relation to the two cultural and political contexts.

We examine political news in Chilean newspapers after elections were reestablished, including a recent period of civic protests of policies linked to the authoritarian past. Data show that similar to journalism in Western democracies, throughout the twenty-one years under study, journalists relied upon official sources, allowed politicians to set the news agenda, and eschewed civil society in favor of representing citizens as voiceless individuals. However, news frames changed during the protest period in unexpected ways given current understandings of the press and civil society. During the protest period, the press framed a greater percentage of coverage as issues and offered contextualization while continuing to privilege official sources, defer agenda setting to politicians, and disregard collective organizations. Based on research elsewhere, issue frames and context may reorient causal attribution for social problems and encourage greater participation. Shortly after the study period, reform topped the political agenda, and disputed policies were overhauled. Connecting content to protests through time sequencing, findings suggest rethinking the relationship between civil society visibility in the press and processes of social accountability. They also provide an example of how legacies of authoritarianism may affect the press under democracy, helping advance theories of press performance beyond experiences in the West.

This article compares the perceived importance of influences on news work across 18 societies. Evidence is based on journalists' survey responses to a six-dimensional scale, covering political, economic, organizational, professional, and procedural influences as well as influences from reference groups. The results confirm the expectation that political and economic factors are clearly the most important denominators of cross-national differences in the journalists' perceptions of influences. Furthermore, perceived political influences are clearly related to objective indicators of political freedom and ownership structures across the investigated countries. Economic influences seem to have a stronger impact in private and state-owned media than in public newsrooms, but they are not related to a country's economic freedom. With respect to organizational, professional, and procedural influences as well as the impact of reference groups, the differences between the countries turned out to be much smaller.

This article goes in depth into the key mechanisms that enable a digital interaction between journalists and expert sources in political journalism, developing a scale that articulates these interaction mechanisms on Twitter. On the basis of this analytical proposal, this study tries to reflect the potential professional consequences which are generated by this social network throughout the journalistic work as well as some changes in important professional skills, such as data verification and contact with expert sources. Those are key aspects to determine the opportunities of the journalists in the future of the profession. It also tries to analyse the relationship between journalists and politicians into a digital context by assessing the impact of using different new media tools on the journalistic culture and political discussion.

Important political, social and technological transformations during the last decades have affected both media systems and the journalistic profession in Latin America. Based on a crosslongitudinal content analysis (N = 2,431) of news published in the printed national Chilean press between 1990 and 2010, this study analyzes the evolution of the presence of the civic and the infotainment roles in the news, as well as the influence that the thematic beat has in the presence of both professional roles across time. The results show significant differences in the presence of both professional roles depending on the principal topic of the news, as well as the influence – at different levels - of the time as a variable, as well as the media audience orientation (elite or popular), in the put in practice of these roles. ; Importantes transformaciones políticas, sociales y tecnológicas ocurridas durante las últimas décadas han afectado a los sistemas de medios, así como a la profesión periodística en Latinoamérica. A través de un análisis de contenido crosslongitudinal (N= 2,431) de noticias publicadas en la prensa impresa nacional chilena entre 1990 y 2010, el estudio analiza la evolución de la presencia de los roles cívico y de infoentretenimiento en las noticias, así como la influencia que la temática informativa tiene en la presencia de ambos roles profesionales a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en la presencia de ambos roles profesionales, según la temática principal abordada, así como la influencia, en distintos niveles, del tipo de prensa – elite – popular) y el tiempo, en la materialización de los roles cívico e infoentretenimiento en las noticias chilenas.

Print journalism has long been seen as a key institution of democratic politics, serving to enhance transparency, provide a forum for debate, and facilitate public participation. Instead, television journalism, particularly in its commercial form, has often been seen more negatively, as a form of infotainment that contributes little to the functions of journalism as an institution of democratic citizenship. Some scholars have questioned the dichotomy between infotainment and democratic roles, however, and the existing research comparing journalistic roles in print and television has produced mixed results. Focusing on the case of Chile and making use of a standardized news content-based index of journalistic roles, this study compares the prevalence of three professional roles by medium—newspapers and television—and also by audience orientation—popular and elite media across both print and television news. Our results show that commercial television in Chile is higher than print media in the performance of the watchdog and civic roles, and the infotainment role is positively, not negatively, correlated with these. We discuss the implication of these findings in light of the literature on infotainment and citizenship, as well as the emerging body of research on journalistic role performance.

Although the democratic role of journalism in new democracies is heavily debated, systematic empirical analysis is scarce. This paper studies how the performance of the watchdog and civic journalism role in Chilean newspapers develops during 22 years of democratic transition. We challenge the homogenization-thesis, which has often characterized thinking about the role of the media in democratic transition, assuming an automatic unidirectional trend toward more critical professionalism, where reporters increasingly act as watchdogs by taking the side of ordinary citizens against the political and economic elite. We argue that a rise in critical professionalism is often limited to a brief honeymoon period after the return to democracy. We furthermore argue that to understand changing role performance during democratic transition, one needs to look at specific developments of the media (press freedom, journalism education, advertisement income, and circulation) and developments in the political context, in particular the degree of political conflict. These hypotheses are tested with a unique data set consisting of a content analysis of 20,201 news articles, which make up representative yearly samples of newspaper coverage in Chile between 1990 and 2011. We find no trend toward more watchdog and civic journalism, and limited influences of developments of the media. At least for the performance of these two journalistic roles in Chile, changes in journalism during democratic transition can best be explained by the honeymoon hypothesis and the degree of political conflict. The generalizability of these findings to other transitional democracies is discussed.

Although the democratic role of journalism in new democracies is heavily debated, systematic empirical analysis is scarce. This paper studies how the performance of the watchdog and civic journalism role in Chilean newspapers develops during 22 years of democratic transition. We challenge the homogenization-thesis, which has often characterized thinking about the role of the media in democratic transition, assuming an automatic unidirectional trend toward more critical professionalism, where reporters increasingly act as watchdogs by taking the side of ordinary citizens against the political and economic elite. We argue that a rise in critical professionalism is often limited to a brief honeymoon period after the return to democracy. We furthermore argue that to understand changing role performance during democratic transition, one needs to look at specific developments of the media (press freedom, journalism education, advertisement income, and circulation) and developments in the political context, in particular the degree of political conflict. These hypotheses are tested with a unique data set consisting of a content analysis of 20,201 news articles, which make up representative yearly samples of newspaper coverage in Chile between 1990 and 2011. We find no trend toward more watchdog and civic journalism, and limited influences of developments of the media. At least for the performance of these two journalistic roles in Chile, changes in journalism during democratic transition can best be explained by the honeymoon hypothesis and the degree of political conflict. The generalizability of these findings to other transitional democracies is discussed.

Transformations in media and society have forced journalists to reconsider their relation to the audience. In this article, we argue that due to these changes, a new conceptualization is needed of the way journalism addresses the audience, which goes beyond the traditional consumer–citizen dichotomy. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with three samples of Chilean news ( N = 1,988; N = 795; N = 812) support the hypothesis that audience approaches in journalism are best represented by a three-factor solution: the infotainment, the service, and the civic models. The data also show that approaching the audience as consumer or as citizen are not two poles of one continuum, and that approaching the audience under a consumer-orientation consists of two approaches: providing service and providing entertainment.