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Every epoch has its central discourse, which defines the various forms of life and becomes the motto of the entire human civilization. More than half a century the modern civilization being influenced by many unique and unknown factors of the previous time has been getting into the era of globalization. None of the historical period when other different integration processes were introduced is not able to be compared with the scale of modern globalization.Globalization is the objective process of integration at all levels of social and economic life, which have both positive and negative aspects. An important question is about the inner essence of globalization: the globalization centers, the effects of globalization on underdeveloped countries, prospects of the development of human civilization and so on. Anti-globalization is also an objective process which is in dialectical unity with globalization and is aimed at preserving the national and cultural identity of particular peoples and nations. Importantly, the anti-globalists are not solid opponents of integration, but they require different «rules» for less developed countries as for the schemes of redistribution of capital funds and resources, representing at the same time different logics of the worldview, a different discourse.The development of consensus positions that would unite representatives of different cultures and value systems is considered to be one of the important aspects of mankind civilization. It is therefore a very important social criteria to drastically revise the global development and production of the new concept of the modern universe that respects the interests of the mankind, for the survival of the world as a whole, to show human civilization the way out of the dead end where it founds itself at the turn of the millennium.The strategic choice of current time is to develop a new model of global integration and implementation of the national strategy for advancing the intellectual and innovation. This foundation involves Noospheric approach to the processes of the development. This is the beginning of a new global noospheric – space economy of the third millennium. We concern about its essence which lies in the intellectualization and intelligent integration of national economies into a single system of labor division.Western European integration is a unique phenomenon in the world politics and economy. Thanks to its people Europe as a unit managed to solve two important problems: eliminate the material basis of armed conflicts among the states and create favorable conditions for internationalization of economic activity. Eventually, free citizens displacing, goods and capital movement within the common European space have become evidents for the logical consequence of this process. ; Лейтмотивом центрального дискурсу нинішньої епохи є кардинальний перегляд соціальних критеріїв світового розвитку і вироблення нової концепції сучасної світобудови, що зважає на інтереси всього людства. Задля виживання світу загалом, для виведення людства з глухого кута цивілізації, стратегічний вибір сучасності полягає в розробці нової моделі глобальної інтеграції та реалізації національної стратегії випереджувального розвитку. Ця модель має ґрунтуватись на ноосферному підході до інтелектуально-інноваційного поступу людства.

The strategy of democratic development is in the establishment of democratic values, in balanced and effective interaction of branches of power, in overcoming the conflicts of the society, in solving economic problems. Nowadays the main task is to optimize the process of creating a democratic, popular power that would be the only one in defending radical Ukrainian interests in domestic and foreign policy, would combine national and world experience in the democratization of public life. The main issue of democratization of Ukrainian society is the creation of favorable conditions for the realization of human rights and freedoms at the same time with their responsibilities. Taking these facts into consideration the range of problems is to be solved in Ukraine. They are: 1. To maintain the balance and steadiness of the Constitution of Ukraine; 2. To carry out the work continuously on the improvement of the electoral law, until the establishment of a stable law, the rules of which would be in accordance with the laws of the countries of the European Union. 3. To overcome excessive bureaucratization of public administration and self-government bodies, to train and select skilled personnel, and raise their level of managerial and general culture. 4. To modernize the management structures, rather than create a new ones. 5. To increase the level of political and legal culture of the population which was developed under the condition of historical practice. The people of Ukraine resisted the authorities as strangers, and for centuries as well as foreign ones, did not respect the laws that this power established. Therefore, outside loyalty to the authorities a law-abiding citizen who learned not to to be active , but to circumvent the laws was hidden. It is necessary to return the people's trust the authorities and respect for the law, regardless of which social group belongs to the same citizen. 6. Creation of a system of educational propaganda work with the population in all educational institutions in order to raise the level of morality of society, the general political and legal culture. Bringing up the generation with the help of history should become a full-fledged kind of education for children and adults. Ukraine does not need a strategy of importing democracy. It is necessary to realize the internal potential of the country, its history, education and science, and then to engage world experience. Without a positive transformation of the national character, value orientations of the population of the country, any limited informational propaganda campaigns will produce a short-term effect. ; Стратегія демократичного розвитку полягає в утвердженні демократичних цінностей, збалансованої й ефективної взаємодії гілок влади, подолані конфлікточенності суспільства, вирішенні економічних проблем. Найголовніше завдання нинішнього моменту – це оптимізація процесу створення демократичної, народної влади, яка була б єдиною у відстоюванні докорінних українських інтересів у внутрішній і зовнішній політиці, поєднувала б національний і світовий досвід демократизації суспільного життя. Основне питання демократизації українського суспільства – це створення сприятливих умов реалізації прав і свобод людини з одночасним виконанням її обов'язків.

The strategy of democratic development is in the establishment of democratic values, in balanced and effective interaction of branches of power, in overcoming the conflicts of the society, in solving economic problems. Nowadays the main task is to optimize the process of creating a democratic, popular power that would be the only one in defending radical Ukrainian interests in domestic and foreign policy, would combine national and world experience in the democratization of public life. The main issue of democratization of Ukrainian society is the creation of favorable conditions for the realization of human rights and freedoms at the same time with their responsibilities. Taking these facts into consideration the range of problems is to be solved in Ukraine. They are: 1. To maintain the balance and steadiness of the Constitution of Ukraine; 2. To carry out the work continuously on the improvement of the electoral law, until the establishment of a stable law, the rules of which would be in accordance with the laws of the countries of the European Union. 3. To overcome excessive bureaucratization of public administration and self-government bodies, to train and select skilled personnel, and raise their level of managerial and general culture. 4. To modernize the management structures, rather than create a new ones. 5. To increase the level of political and legal culture of the population which was developed under the condition of historical practice. The people of Ukraine resisted the authorities as strangers, and for centuries as well as foreign ones, did not respect the laws that this power established. Therefore, outside loyalty to the authorities a law-abiding citizen who learned not to to be active , but to circumvent the laws was hidden. It is necessary to return the people's trust the authorities and respect for the law, regardless of which social group belongs to the same citizen. 6. Creation of a system of educational propaganda work with the population in all educational institutions in order to raise the level of morality of society, the general political and legal culture. Bringing up the generation with the help of history should become a full-fledged kind of education for children and adults. Ukraine does not need a strategy of importing democracy. It is necessary to realize the internal potential of the country, its history, education and science, and then to engage world experience. Without a positive transformation of the national character, value orientations of the population of the country, any limited informational propaganda campaigns will produce a short-term effect. ; Стратегія демократичного розвитку полягає в утвердженні демократичних цінностей, збалансованої й ефективної взаємодії гілок влади, подолані конфлікточенності суспільства, вирішенні економічних проблем. Найголовніше завдання нинішнього моменту – це оптимізація процесу створення демократичної, народної влади, яка була б єдиною у відстоюванні докорінних українських інтересів у внутрішній і зовнішній політиці, поєднувала б національний і світовий досвід демократизації суспільного життя. Основне питання демократизації українського суспільства – це створення сприятливих умов реалізації прав і свобод людини з одночасним виконанням її обов'язків.

Online commerce presents consumers with a convenient way of shopping outside of their local jurisdiction, and this online purchase decision is capable of affecting in significant ways the sales and use tax collections of state governments. However, the actual revenue impact has proven difficult to estimate. There is considerable work that examines the revenue impact of seller compliance with sales taxes. However, there is little work on buyer compliance with use taxes. In this paper, we investigate the potential impact of cross‐border shopping on state use tax liabilities of buyers, using data from the largest online consumer‐to‐consumer and business‐to‐consumer marketplace, eBay.com. We collect our own data on actual cross‐border shopping transactions from eBay, focusing upon a "representative" commodity classification and a "typical" day; these data consist of nearly 21,000 eBay listings generated by roughly 7,000 individual sellers with over 9,000 buyers. These data allow us to examine the extent of actual, not estimated, cross‐border shopping by buyers, and the subsequent potential impact of this cross‐border shopping on state use tax liabilities. Our results indicate that cross‐border shopping is highly prevalent on eBay, with out‐of‐state purchases accounting for on average 94 percent of the volume of a state's purchase transactions. Even so, given the limited volume of eBay‐based transactions relative to total sales transactions, the likely impact of cross‐border transactions on state use tax revenue streams is quite low, at least at present, typically less than one percent of actual state sales tax revenues.

Ivan Goncharov's poetics is distinguished by a special kind of organicity (according to N. I. Prutskov's terminology, Goncharov's 'organic novel'). It allows one to consider a person in extremely close unity not only with the social environment but also with the natural-cosmic, religious and other aspects of life. An artist, in fact, depicts a person as part of concepts such as nature, space, national mentality, etc., taken and represented in an organic unity of simultaneous and joint manifestations in the human psyche (the coincidence of the psycho-biological rhythm of a person with small and large rhythms of the surrounding life and the universe). The writer shows these connections using the poetics of depicting a single rhythmic 'pulsation' of a person and the surrounding life, the poetics of depicting 'organic repetitions' (natural cycles of the seasons, morally significant toponymy, etc.) with the obligatory exit from cyclical repetition at the moment of 'transformation', a qualitative change toward spiritualization. Rhythmic repetitions are so obvious and artistically accentuated, and spiritual 'breakthroughs' are so microscopic (and by no means always obvious even to researchers) that it gives the impression of an epically unhurried, almost protracted narration. In this case, Goncharov, as an artist, is trying to base his poetics on the Parable of the Sower ('A man scatters seed on the ground. <…> whether he sleeps or gets up, the seed sprouts and grows, though he does not know how'). This is how Goncharov sets and develops one of his main themes: God's Mystery in man and the world.

In this paper we examine the choice of the opening bid on eBay by sellers of US Morgan dollar coins. We find that the opening bid is a function of the observed characteristics of the past transaction prices for the coin, the seller's characteristics and the fee structure imposed by the auctioneer. The results demonstrate that increasing the opening bid fee structure induces a lower optimal opening bid, while an increase in the degree of risk in the price distribution increases the opening bid. These results have important implications for market structure of online auction sites.

Assessment of agroclimate conditions of the autumn period on the territory of Belarus under the conditions of modern climate change with the distribution of cumulative temperatures during autumn period for 2000–2020 is presented. The results of analysis of estimates of moisture indicators for the autumn period (precipitation amounts, Selyaninov's hydrothermal moisture coefficient, and productive moisture reserves in the arable soil layer of 0–20 cm) are provided. Based on literary sources, recent research by Belarusian scientists, data from observation points of the state hydrometeorological network for the phases of development of winter crops (wheat, triticale, rye) in autumn, results of studies on tillering of winter crops depending on the sowing time and weather conditions in the autumn period, an analysis was carried out and criteria for cumulative temperatures were clarified to calculate the optimal sowing time for winter crops on the territory of Belarus. The optimal time for sowing winter grain crops has been calculated for administrative regions and points of the state network of hydrometeorological observations, taking into account the predicted air temperature for September. Recommendations are given for calculating the optimal sowing time for winter crops for points with no hydrometeorological observations, as well as with possible consideration of soil types and field location.