Suchergebnisse

The occurrence of protein synthesis errors (mistranslation) above the typical mean mistranslation level of 10−4 is mostly deleterious to yeast, zebrafish and mammal cells. Previous yeast studies have shown that mistranslation affects fitness and deregulates genes related to lipid metabolism, but there is no experimental proof that such errors alter yeast lipid profiles. We engineered yeast strains to misincorporate serine at alanine and glycine sites on a global scale and evaluated the putative effects on the lipidome. Lipids from whole cells were extracted and analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and gas chromatography (GC). Oxidative damage, fatty acid desaturation and membrane fluidity changes were screened to identify putative alterations in lipid profiles in both logarithmic (fermentative) and post-diauxic shift (respiratory) phases. There were alterations in several lipid classes, namely lyso-phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and triglyceride, and in the fatty acid profiles, namely C16:1, C16:0, C18:1 and C18:0. Overall, the relative content of lipid species with saturated FA increased in detriment of those with unsaturated fatty acids. The expression of the OLE1 mRNA was deregulated, but phospholipid fluidity changes were not observed. These data expand current knowledge of mistranslation biology and highlight its putative roles in human diseases. ; This work was supported by FCT(Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), the European Union, QREN, POPH, FEDER and COMPETE [FCT-ANR/IMI-MIC/0041/2012; PTDC/IMI-MIC/5350/2014; PTDC/BEX-BCM/2121/2014] through the iBiMED (UID/BIM/04501/2013) and QOPNA research units [PTDC/QUI-BIQ/104968/2008; UID QUI/UI0062/2013, FCOMP-01-0124- FEDER-037296], and RNEM [LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-402-022125 that concerns the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network), REDE/1504/REM/2005]. This work was also financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme under project CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008: BrainHealth 2020, and through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016390:CANCEL STEM and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440. Ana R. D. Araújo [SFRH/BD/78835/2011], Catarina Morais [SFRH/BD/79077/2011], Elisabete Maciel [SFRH/BPD/104165/2014], Helena Oliveira [SFRH/BPD/111736/2015], and Tânia Melo [BPD/UI51/5388/2017] were supported by FCT grants. Clara Pereira was supported by Fundo Social Europeu and Programa Operacional Potencial Humano through FCT investigator grant IF/00889/2015.

Multiple-use forest management, which includes timber, non-timber forest products, and environmental services, is considered a promising tropical conservation and development strategy. In the tri-national frontier region of Madre de Dios (Peru), Acre (Brazil), and Pando (Bolivia) in Western Amazonia, we evaluated perceptions of representatives from four stakeholder groups – communities, industries (Brazil nut and timber), non-governmental organizations, and government agencies – on integrated management of timber and Brazil nuts (from the tree species Bertholletia excelsa) at multiple scales. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis in combination with an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to accomplish this task. Overall, results showed distinct differences in perceptions among stakeholder groups both within and among countries in pursuing multiple-use forestry strategies. Although many stakeholder groups held positive perceptions about multiple use of Brazil nuts and timber, several limitations were associated with implementation of this model. For instance, policy barriers and high management costs were considered the main weaknesses throughout the region. In Madre de Dios and Pando, logging damage to Brazil nut stands was the dominant threat, whereas in Acre, the main threat was reinvestment of forestry income into cattle. Our work shows that despite the high potential for and positive views of many stakeholders in pursuing integrated management of Brazil nut and timber, specific policy, economic, and technical limitations must first be addressed. To this end, we provide recommendations for promoting this multi-use forestry model in the future.