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AbstractIn this article, I provide a framework for studying the transnational networks of minority members as a political phenomenon. I make two claims. First, it is necessary to take into account the state and its capacity to limit transnational networks if one is to capture, analytically, the full range of such networks. Second, it is important to extend the theoretical framework of transnationalism to include populations other than migrants and to account for networks established by national minority members whose loyalty to the state can be challanged. I offer a typology of networks organized along two major axes – the state in‐border–cross‐border axis and the ethnic or religious identity axis. These two axes yield different types of in‐border and cross‐border, intranational and transnational networks. I base these claims on an analysis of four case studies of cross‐border and cross‐ethnic networks maintained by Israeli Palestinian citizens in Tel Aviv‐Jaffa.

This article examines the transformation of Israel's higher education system since the 1990s. During that period, the system underwent expansion, diversification, privatization, and internationalization in a series of pathbreaking reforms. The main argument is that while external factors—such as demographic trends—exerted pressure for change, the trajectory and policy options preferred were shaped by ideational factors. Policy entrepreneurs played a crucial role in advancing pathbreaking institutional change when they reframed policies through linking cognitive ideas of "what has to be done" with the normative ideas that granted legitimacy to the proposals for reform.

Analyse der Strukturen, Prozesse und Paradigmen der israelischen Wasserpolitik seit der Staatsgründung. Nach dem jeweils vorherrschenden Paradigma werden vier Phasen mit spezifischen Problemdefinitionen und -lösungen unterschieden. (DÜI-Hns)

In Tel Aviv zeichnet sich eine neue Verteilung der Beschäftigten nach ethnischer Zugehörigkeit ab. Der Beitrag beschreibt diese Veränderung auf der Basis statistischer Daten und analysiert den Zusammenhang mit zwei anderen Entwicklungen in Tel Aviv während der 1980er und 1990er Jahre: Migrationsströme in beiden Richtungen und wirtschaftsstruktureller Wandel. Für die Analyse der Beschäftigtenstruktur werden vier ethnische Gruppen unterschieden: Juden früherer Einwanderungsgenerationen ("veteran Jews"), arabische Israelis, Neuimmigranten aus dem Gebiet der ehemaligen Sowjetunion und ausländische Arbeitskräfte. (DÜI-Hns)

The study deals with restructuring processes in the city of Tel-Aviv and examines several of the major arguments of the restructuring approach through the investigation of the occupational integration of immigrants from the former Soviet Union into the economy of the city. The study examines hypotheses on occupational and income polarisation in the restructuring economy of Israel's main business centre. Using data from censuses and income surveys which were conducted by Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics over the period 1983-94, the study compares distributions of veteran Israelis and recent immigrants among economic sectors and occupations in the city of Tel-Aviv and the country as a whole. The findings show that both occupational and income polarisation are greater in the city than in the country as a whole. It is also demonstrated that this trend of occupational and income polarisation is more pronounced among the new immigrants. The findings lend support to the restructuring approach.

The article deals with the questions of the emergence, persistence and change of policy paradigms. It focuses on the role that policy networks play in this process and draws on the literature of problem definition to explain this role. The paper investigates water policy in Israel in the years 1948–1997. The paper distinguishes among two water policy paradigms that have prevailed: the earlier paradigm was one of expanding water resources and agricultural production, followed by a paradigm of priority of agricultural expansion over water conservation. The paper also distinguishes among periods of anticipatory and reactive water policy and highlights the role of policy networks in formulating public policies.

Examines the emergence, persistence, & change of policy paradigms, focusing on the role that policy networks play in this process & drawing on the literature of problem definition to explain this role. As an example, water policy in Israel is investigated, 1948-1997. Two primary water policy paradigms emerge: the earlier paradigm was one of expanding water resources & agricultural production, but this was followed by a paradigm of priority of agricultural expansion over water conservation. Also distinguished are periods of anticipatory & reactive water policy. Adapted from the source document.

Examines shifts in water policy, 1948-97, between that of trying to expand both water resources and agricultural production and that of giving priority to agricultural expansion over water conservation.

Two major approaches to political leadership recruitment - one concentrating on the role of structural political variables and features of the incumbent elite and the other on the socioeconomic attributes of contenders and aspirants - are confronted. It is proposed that the core of the dispute between the two approaches lies in differing conceptions regarding the nature of the link between social and political divisions; the nature of this relationship is explored. Using Janda's (1980) measures for the social composition of party support, three modes of the relationship between social and political divisions are discerned and defined as non-structural, uni-structural and bi- or multi-structural parties. Each type is examined for its implications on the processes of local political leadership recruitment. The findings lend support to the two major hypotheses: (a) when political divisions are not based on social divisions, political variables are more useful in explaining political leadership recruitment; and (b) when political divisions are based on social divisions, socioeconomic variables explain more variance in leadership recruitment.