Suchergebnisse

Objective. This study examines how defense spending in the 1980s & early 1990s affected economic growth in metropolitan & nonmetropolitan counties in the Southeast. Methods. Using county-level census & other government data, the study employs a spatial lag regression model to predict how defense spending interacts with manufacturing growth to affect county economic growth during the business cycles of the 1980s & early 1990s, while controlling for other measures of regional processes. I supplement the regression analysis with brief case studies of 5 counties. Results. The analysis shows that there is a positive interaction effect between federal defense spending & manufacturing growth on measures of income & employment growth. However, the interaction effects are much stronger & more consistent in metropolitan counties. Conclusion. As predicted, defense spending created regional variations in economic growth across the metropolitan-nonmetropolitan divide in the southeast during the business cycles of the 1980s & early 1990s. Moreover, documented economic growth in nonmetropolitan counties is partly a function of spatial integration with metropolitan counties. The results have implications for current trends in defense spending. 3 Tables, 45 References. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract In this paper I use a model informed by key theories of regional processes, and I test three related hypotheses concerning the effects of different types of federal spending (public investment, defense, salaries/wages) on economic growth in the 399 Appalachian counties during recent business cycles. The analysis incorporates a maximum likelihood estimate spatial lag regression model and shows that federal public investment spending and defense spending exerted net positive effects on per capita income, civilian employment, and private nonfarm employment growth rates between 1983 and 1988. In addition, public investment spending had a positive relationship with percentage of earnings from mining for the 1983–1988 period. Federal spending, however, had less consistent effects during the 1989–1992 recession. Implications for theory and research on regional processes are discussed.

ABSTRACT
Previously it was reported that regional variations in well‐being (poverty, per capita income, and family income) among Appalachian counties did not originate from regional variations in urbanization, but from regional differences in well‐being among nonmetropolitan counties. It was argued that southern Appalachian counties had higher levels of well‐being at the end of the 1980s because nonmetropolian counties in southern Appalachia experienced greater economic growth during the 1980s than did nonmetropolitan counties in other Appalachian regions. In this paper these data are reanalyzed to test to what extent the original findings are affected by the presence (and failure to control) spatial autocorrelation. Using a spatial lag model it is shown that correcting for spatial autocorrelation statistically altered the original results. However, substantively, the conclusions from the original analysis did not change: regional differences in county well‐being in Appalachia are largely the product of regional differences among nonmetropolitan counties, even after correcting the model for spatial autocorrelation.

Objective. Throughout the course of the Iraq War, the Bush Administration has consistently framed its war policy in religious language. Therefore, we investigate the extent to which public religiosity predicts neoconservative foreign policy attitudes.Method. We use the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey to estimate OLS models predicting the effects of religious measures on support for a neoconservative Middle East foreign policy.Findings. We find that support for U.S. Iraq policy is partially an outcome of what we call "sacralization ideology," as measured by the belief that religious and secular institutions should be more closely in collaboration.Conclusion. We argue that the religious framing of U.S. foreign policy appeals to a certain religious type who is not fully Republican or conservative evangelical.

Abstract This research explores violent and property crime rates in nonmetropolitan counties. It is argued that crime rates are lower in these counties because of higher levels of social integration. We test the hypothesis that predictors of crime from social disorganization theory exert different effects on violent and property crimes at different levels of population change in nonmetropolitan counties. We use a spatial lag regression model to predict the 1989–1991 average violent and property crime rates for these counties, taken from the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). The results show that a factor‐analyzed index of resource disadvantage (poverty rate, income inequality, unemployment, percent female‐headed households) has different effects on both violent and property crime at different levels of population change in nonmetropolitan counties. Contrary to expectations, we find that resource disadvantage exerts a greater positive effect on both violent and property crimes in nonmetropolitan counties that lost population between 1980 and 1990. Implications for theory and research are discussed.

ABSTRACT This paper explores a topic of much speculation but relatively little empirical investigation: How those in charge of recruiting and hiring new employees assess the advantages and disadvantages of various recruiting techniques. We also examine how organizational characteristics shape hiring managers'perceptions of the primary advantages and disadvantages of recruiting techniques. A sample of hiring managers in a major metropolitan labor market identified the primary advantage of informal recruiting to be the quality of applicants and of formal recruiting to be the volume of applicants. Our analysis also shows that hiring managers in smaller firms and in the private sector more often cite quality as an advantage of informal recruiting, while hiring managers in the public sector more often identify volume of applicants as an advantage of formal recruiting.

An examination of whether people who work in social & producer services in Canada, Norway, Sweden, the US, & West Germany are more likely to enjoy job autonomy than workers in other industrial sectors, based on national survey data obtained in a cross-national research project conducted in the 1980s. Results show that in the five countries employment in social & producer services markedly increases the chances for job autonomy. The implications of the findings for the nature of work in the burgeoning service economies of the West are discussed. 2 Tables, 34 References.

AbstractAccess to financial capital is vital for the sustainability of the local business sector in nonmetropolitan communities. In this article we develop two hypotheses and examine the impact of financial sector restructuring on the odds of using a bank loan to finance a new business or expand an existing business. Focusing on nonmetropolitan American businesses, we connect restricted tabulations of the 2007 Survey of Business Owners to data on the commuting zones (CZ) in which businesses are located. We use multilevel logistic regression models to predict the effects of community bank presence within the CZ on the odds of using a bank business loan to start or expand a business for nonmetropolitan businesses started or purchased since 2000. Net of important characteristics of the businesses and owners, we find that the greater the proportion of local banks in a nonmetropolitan CZ, the greater the odds that a conventional business loan was used to either help start a new business or expand an existing business.