A Teoria Geral dos Campos de Pierre Bourdieu aborda sobre a diversidade dos elementos que constroem a sociedade, que vai desde as percepções sobre as relações de poder entre os sujeitos, até o estudo dos fenômenos que ocorrem dentro de um contexto histórico. Apesar de Bourdieu não estudar especificamente o contexto regional, há uma ligação entre esses assuntos quanto aos processos de desenvolvimento das regiões e suas assimetrias. Sabendo da ausência de material científico correlacionando tais temas, buscamos expor nesse artigo questões acerca da Teoria Geral dos Campos além da mobilidade social e a espacial por meio de uma discussão teórica, para que a mesma possa ser utilizada futuramente no âmbito dos estudos regionais em pesquisas empíricas.
O presente trabalho envolve olhares atravessados de três investigadores que compõem o mesmo grupo de pesquisa, que dialogam sobre as marcas causadas pela modernidade/colonialidade na trajetória de mulheres negras, apontando semelhanças e diferenças no modo ser e de se constituir professoras, a partir de contextos e realidades complexas em periferias urbanas e rurais do Rio de Janeiro e Mato Grosso. Consideramos urgente o debate sobre outras epistemologias, decolonialidade, luta antirracista e formação docente nas escavações expedicionárias que realizamos. As metodologias que envolvem a narrativa das histórias de vida, as escrevivências e a autodefinição como "forasteiras de dentro" são levadas a cabo quando o que está em jogo envolve mudanças estruturais no sistema de ensino e da própria sociedade.
AbstractThis study identified food deserts and swamps, investigating their associations with socioeconomic and demographic conditions. This ecological study was conducted using data from urban census tracts in the city of Recife, which were considered the unit of analysis. Information on food retail was obtained from government sources in 2019. Census tracts below the 25th percentile in the density of healthy food retail (i.e., those that predominantly sell natural or minimally processed foods, mixed businesses, and super- and hypermarkets) were classified as food deserts. Census tracts above the 25th percentile in the density of unhealthy food retail (i.e., those selling primarily ultra-processed foods) were considered food swamps. The socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the census tracts were evaluated using variables from the 2010 census (per capita income, average income, race, literacy of the head of household, and the availability of essential services) and the Health Vulnerability Index. Census tracts considered food deserts (28.5%) were more vulnerable, characterized by lower income and access to essential services, more illiterate residents and more minorities (Black/Indigenous/mixed race). Food swamps (73.47%) were more prevalent in less vulnerable neighbourhoods characterized by higher percentages of literate residents and Whites, greater purchasing power, and better basic sanitation. The characteristics of Recife's food deserts and swamps demonstrate social inequalities in the food environment. Public facilities could play a vital role in promoting healthy eating within food deserts. Additionally, future implementation of taxes on ultra-processed foods and the provision of tax subsidies to natural or minimally processed food sellers might contribute to fostering healthier dietary choices.
BACKGROUND: Food deserts are neighborhoods with little or no access to healthy food, whereas food swamps are neighborhoods where unhealthy food options prevail over healthy ones. The main aims of the current study are to feature and compare the neighborhoods of food deserts and food swamps based on social inequality. METHODS: Ecological study carried out in Belo Horizonte City, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Information about commercial food establishments derived from two different databases. It was measured by secondary governmental databases, which were virtually conferred in the present study. Census tracts were considered as analysis units and classified as food deserts and food swamps, based on the Brazilian methodology. Take into consideration the density of establishments classified as selling fresh or minimally-processed food, mixed establishments, and establishments selling ultra-processed food. The Brazilian methodology evaluates food deserts by the density of healthy establishments (establishments classified as mostly selling fresh or minimally-processed food and mixed establishments) per 10 thousand inhabitants. And the metric to evaluate food swamps considers the density of unhealthy establishments (establishments mostly selling ultra-processed food) per 10 thousand inhabitants. Information about social inequalities comprised aspects such as income, population count, number of households, number of literate individuals, race, water and energy supply, and garbage collection. The Health Vulnerability Index (HVI) was used as a synthetic social vulnerability indicator. RESULTS: Neighborhoods of food deserts presented worse essential service availability, lower income per capita, and smaller mean number of literate individuals. Census tracts classified as food swamps presented better socio-demographic conditions than those areas food deserts. Neighborhoods simultaneously classified as food deserts and food swamps presented lower income per capita and were more often observed in census sectors presenting ...
