Suchergebnisse

Flying Ad Hoc NETworks (FANETs) are expected to have a significant impact in several use-cases, from smart agriculture and cities, to mission critical scenarios. The recent surge in the use of FANETs is motivated by their adaptable and flexible behaviour in different scenarios (e.g. disaster-hit locations) allowing the usage of services that require information from remote locations, such as for assessment of damages, checking for survivors, or providing onsite views to assist rescue teams. While FANETs have been developed to provide such critical services, disseminating data with proper performance faces challenges due to inherent properties of FANETs, namely frequent wireless disconnections, intermittent available nodes, and dynamic topologies, mostly when facing an increasing number of deployed unmanned aerial vehicles. Aiming to tackle these challenges, we propose a new Dynamic Clustering Mechanism with Load-Balancing able to support efficient dissemination of data packets in FANETs while ensuring good reliability and scalability factors. The proposed solution is based on the combination of a new meta-heuristic optimization scheme, known as Political Optimizer, used to perform clustering while addressing limitations caused by topology changes, and a new Shannon entropy function implemented to address cluster fault tolerant and traffic overloads. Simulation results show that by combining our proposed model with standard position-based routing protocols, a higher number of end-to-end transmissions are ensured, while supporting an average packet delivery ratio of 97%, an average end-to-end delay of 0.225 seconds, and an average power consumption 37% lower than other state-of-the-art clustering protocols.

O artigo 8.º da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos trata do respeito pela privacidade. O Quarto Aditamento à Constituição dos EUA trata igualmente do respeito pela privacidade. O processo penal deve assegurar a proteção da privacidade, na medida do possível, e o direito em ação deve respeitar os limites da cópia de dados eletrónicos e as restrições impostas à análise externa do acervo recolhido. Entre os aspetos críticos da análise externa de dados eletrónicos, avulta a questão do procedimento a adotar pelo investigador criminal diante dos conhecimentos fortuitos, uma questão que é analisada detalhadamente neste artigo. A jurisprudência do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos caracteriza-se por alguma ineficácia na criação de remédios para a violação da privacidade no processo penal, designadamente no tocante à cópia de dados eletrónicos e à análise externa do acervo recolhido, desde logo porque não comina a exclusão das evidências produzidas por computador que tenham sido obtidas ilicitamente, o que deveria ser o caso ser o caso, à luz do princípio do processo equitativo. O conhecimento das diretrizes e do direito jurisprudencial norte-americano representa um contributo valioso para o aprofundamento da jurisprudência de Estrasburgo, na sua dupla função decisória e nomofilácica, assim como para o aperfeiçoamento dos ordenamentos jurídicos nacionais europeus ao nível legislativo e ao nível da prática decisória e jurisprudencial. ; The Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights deals with the need of respect for privacy. The 4th Amendment to the US Constitution addresses the same issue. The criminal procedure ensures the protection of privacy, as far as possible, and the praxis must recognize that, for privacy reasons, there should be limits to the seizure of computer records and to its off-site analysis. Among the critical aspects of the off-site analysis of electronic data, the approach to be adopted by the law enforcement officers in the face of serendipity findings largely remains an unanswered ...

"Climate change is a slowly advancing crisis sweeping over the planet and affecting different habitats in strikingly diverse ways. While nations have signed treaties and implemented policies, most actual climate change assessments, adaptations, and countermeasures take place at the local level. People are responding by adjusting their practices, livelihoods, and cultures, protesting and migrating. This book portrays the diversity of explanations and remedies as expressed at the community level and its emphasis on the crucial importance of ethnographic detail in demonstrating how people in different parts of the world are scaling down the phenomenon of global warming"--

Climate change is a slowly advancing crisis sweeping over the planet and affecting different habitats in strikingly diverse ways. While nations have signed treaties and implemented policies, most actual climate change assessments, adaptations, and countermeasures take place at the local level. People are responding by adjusting their practices, livelihoods, and cultures, protesting and migrating. This book portrays the diversity of explanations and remedies as expressed at the community level and its emphasis on the crucial importance of ethnographic detail in demonstrating how people in different parts of the world are scaling down the phenomenon of global warming.