Suchergebnisse

THIS ARTICLE CONSIDERS THE CONDUCT OF ARMED PARTIES IN THE INVASION OF PANAMA ON 20 DECEMBER 1989 BY UNITED STATES FORCES, IN RELATION TO THE STANDARDS ESTABLISHED BY THE INTERNATIONAL LAWS OF WAR AND THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 1949. THE ARTICLE CONFINES ITSELF TO THE CONDUCT OF US AND PANAMANIAN ARMED FORCES FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF HOSTILITIES, AND DOES NOT CONSIDER ARGUMENTS FOR OR AGAINST THE INVASION ITSELF. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES THAT US FORCES FAILED IN THEIR GENEVA CONVENTION OBLIGATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE DETECTIONS OF PANAMANIAN POWS AND CIVILIANS. IT ALSO CONCLUDES THAT US FORCES FAILED TO EXERCISE PRECAUTIONS TO MINIMIZE COLLATERAL CIVILIAN CASUALTIES IN THE ATTACK ON THE PANAMANIAN MILITARY HEADQUARTERS. IT FINDS THAT PANAMANIAN FORCES PUT NON-COMBATANT CIVILIANS AT RISK BY DRESSING IN CIVILIAN CLOTHES AND FIRING FROM CIVILIAN-OCCUPIED STRUCTURES. IT ESTIMATES THE NUMBER OF PANAMANIAN CIVILIAN DEAD AT APPROXIMATELY 300. THE ARTICLE FURTHER CONSIDERS PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER THE NEW ENDARA GOVERNMENT, AND THE PLIGHT OF REFUGEES LEFT HOMELESS BY THE INVASION.

Focuses on efforts at accountability in Latin America, and specifically on the contributions of the Inter-American Commission and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights - the bodies that implement international human rights law in the region - to that struggle. Suggests that the presence of inter-American bodies is at times clearly discernible and even precedent setting, whereas in other areas they have been silent or clearly lag behind national institutions in the development of progressive legal principles. (Original abstract - amended)

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK

© 2015 The Authors. Since 2006, the European Near Earth Asteroids Research (EURONEAR) project has been contributing to the research of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) within a European network. One of the main aims is the amelioration of the orbits of NEAs, and starting in 2014 February we focus on the recovery of one-opposition NEAs using the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) in La Palma in override mode. Part of this NEA recovery project, since 2014 June EURONEAR serendipitously started to discover and secure the first NEAs from La Palma and using the INT, thanks to the teamwork including amateurs and students who promptly reduce the data, report discoveries and secure new objects recovered with the INT and few other telescopes from the EURONEAR network. Five NEAs were discovered with the INT, including 2014 LU14, 2014 NL52 (one very fast rotator), 2014 OL339 (the fourth known Earth quasi-satellite), 2014 SG143 (a quite large NEA), and 2014 VP. Another very fast moving NEA was discovered but was unfortunately lost due to lack of follow-up time. Additionally, another 14 NEA candidates were identified based on two models, all being rapidly followed-up using the INT and another 11 telescopes within the EURONEAR network. They include one object discovered by Pan-STARRS, two Mars crossers, two Hungarias, one Jupiter trojan, and other few inner main belt asteroids (MBAs). Using the INT and Sierra Nevada 1.5 m for photometry, then the Gran Telescopio de Canarias for spectroscopy, we derived the very rapid rotation of 2014 NL52, then its albedo, magnitude, size, and its spectral class. Based on the total sky coverage in dark conditions, we evaluate the actual survey discovery rate using 2-m class telescopes. One NEA is possible to be discovered randomly within minimum 2.8 deg 2 and maximum 5.5 deg 2 . These findings update our past statistics, being based on double sky coverage and taking into account the recent increase in discovery. ; KK acknowledges support from the Polish Narodowe Centrum Nauki Grant UMO-2011/01/D/ST9/00427. LVM has been also supported by Grant AYA2011-30491-C02-01, co-financed by MICINN and FEDER funds, and the Junta de Andalucia (Spain) Grant TIC-114. SG was supported by the Slovak Grant Agency for Science VEGA, grant no. 1/0225/14. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 320964 (WDTracer). ; Peer Reviewed