Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgments -- Foreword by Richard J. Chacon -- 1. Introduction Rubén G. Mendoza and Linda Hansen -- Part I - Recent Archaeological Evidence 2. Blood Tribute, Earth Offerings, and the Formative Origins of Ritual Human Sacrifice in Mesoamerica Rubén G. Mendoza and Gary Velasco -- 3 Shifting Perspectives on Human Sacrifice at Midnight Terror Cave, Belize Cristina Verdugo, Lars Fehren-Schmitz, and James E. Brady -- 4. Ritual Human Sacrifice Among the Tarascans of West Mexico Cinthia Marlene Campos, José Luis Punzo-Díaz, and Carlos Karam Tapia -- Part II - Iconographic and Contextual Evidence 5. Portals to the Gods: Reciprocity, Sacrifice, and Warfare in the Northern Mixteca Carlos Rincón Mautner -- 6. The Hacha, Decapitation Sacrifice, and Classic Veracruz History Rex Koontz -- 7. Blood and Water: A Mesoamerican Social Cement Annabeth Headrick -- 8. Divine Combat, Warrior Merchants, and Ritual Sacrifice in the Mesoamerican Epiclassic, AD 750-1050 Lucha de Luna Martínez -- 9. The Harvest of Souls: Mimesis, Materiality, and Ritual Human Sacrifice in Mesoamerica Rubén G. Mendoza -- Part III - Emerging Theoretical Perspectives 10. Filled with Divine Fire: Mesoamerican Human Sacrifice and Costumed Rituals as Acts of Deicide Mark Wright -- 11. Bodily Transformation and Sacralization: Human Sacrifice in Southwestern Mesoamerica Javier Urcid -- 12. Human Sacrifice at Tula: Reputation, Representation, and Reality Keith Jordan -- 13. The Myth of the Willing Human Sacrifice: The Complex Nature of Human Sacrifice in Aztec Ceremonialism Linda Hansen Part IV - The Ethnographic Present 14. Indigenous Sacrifice in the Christian Language: Among the Communities of the Northern Mixteca, Oaxaca, Mexico Carlos Rincón Mautner -- 15. Deicide and Fertility in Ch'orti' Maya Myth and Ritual Kerry Hull -- Index.

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- Overview of Chapters -- References -- 2 Violence, Warriors, and Rock Art in Bronze Age Scandinavia -- Introduction -- Rock Art, Economy, and Society in the Bronze Age (BA) -- Regions and Chronology -- Images of Violence, Warfare, and Weapons -- The Maritime Factor -- Rock Art Social Positions and Maritime Agency -- Conclusion: Rock Art, Warfare, and Long Distance Trade -- References -- 3 Societal Dynamics of Prestate Societies of the North Central European Plains, 500-1000 CE: A Model -- Introduction -- Theoretical Assumptions and Working Definitions -- Analysis of Data -- Status Markers -- Settlement Patterns -- Compounds and Small Villages -- Fortified Settlements: Fortified Villages and Forts -- Fortified Villages -- Villages Turned Forts -- Newly Constructed Forts -- Tornow Forts (TSA) -- Two-Component Forts (Early Towns) -- Discussion -- Leaders and Social Ranking in the North Central European Plain, 500-1000 CE -- Multi-agent Organization of the North Central European Plain, Late 600s-800s CE -- Political Organization in the NCEP, 500-1000 CE: A Model -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Trade and State Formation in Ancient East African Coast and Southern Zambezia -- Introduction -- Defining the State -- The Medieval Swahili State -- The Coast's Relationship with the Hinterland -- The Emergence of the State in Southern Zambezia -- The Pastoral and Agrarian Origins of the Zimbabwean State -- Great Zimbabwe: A Territorial State? -- Discussion: Pathways to the State on the East African Coast and Southern Zambezia -- References -- 5 Feasting, Social Complexity, and the Emergence of the Early Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia: A View from Göbekli Tepe -- Introduction -- Upper Mesopotamia: A Shift from Periphery to Center

The decision to publish scholarly findings bearing on the question of Amerindian environmental degradation, warfare, and/or violence is one that weighs heavily on anthropologists. This burden stems from the fact that documentation of this may render¡indigenous communities vulnerable to a host of predatory agendas and hostile modern forces. Consequently, some anthropologists and community advocates alike argue that such culturally and socially sensitive, and thereby, politically volatile information regarding Amerindian-induced environmental degradation and warfare should not be reported. This admonition presents a conundrum for anthropologists and other social scientists employed in the academy or who work at the behest of tribal entities. This work documents the various ethical dilemmas that confront anthropologists, and researchers in general, when investigating Amerindian communities. The contributions to this volume explore the ramifications of reporting--and, specfically, --of non-reporting instances of environmental degradation and warfare among Amerindians. Collectively, the contributions in this volume, which extend across the disciplines of archaeology, anthropology, ethnohistory, ethnic studies, philosophy, and medicine, argue that the non-reporting of environmental mismanagement and violence in Amerindian communities generally harms not only the field of anthropology but the Amerindian populations themselves

Status rivalry and warfare in the development and collapse of classic Maya civilization / Matt O'Mansky and Arthur A. Demarest -- Aztec militarism and blood sacrifice : the archaeology and ideology of ritual violence / Rubén G. Mendoza -- Territorial expansion and primary state formation in Oaxaca, Mexico / Charles S. Spencer -- Images of violence in Mesoamerican mural art / Donald McVicker -- Circum-Caribbean chiefly warfare / Elsa M. Redmond -- Conflict and conquest in pre-hispanic andean south america : archaeological evidence from northern coastal Peru / John W. Verano -- The Inti Raymi Festival among the Cotacachi and Otavalo of highland Ecuador : blood for the earth / Richard J. Chacon, Yamilette Chacon, and Angel Guandinango -- Upper Amazonian warfare / Stephen Beckerman and James Yost -- Complexity and causality in Tupinambá warfare / William Balée -- Hunter-gatherers' aboriginal warfare in western Chaco / Marcela Mendoza -- The struggle for social life in Fuego-Patagonia / Alfredo Prieto and Rodrigo Cárdenas -- Ethical considerations and conclusions regarding indigenous warfare and ritual violence in Latin America / Richard J. Chacon and Rubén G. Mendoza