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After reviewing the literature on the Western model of development & its underlying growth theories, its applicability to the case of underdeveloped countries is evaluated. Its assumption of a causal relationship between urbanization & industrialization has not been supported in the Third World, & indeed, cannot even be sustained in a Western context. Alternative spatial strategies in development planning are reviewed, & the cases of two countries that have substantially deviated from the Western model (& to an extent, from that of the USSR) in terms of spatial policies -- China & Cuba -- are discussed. The experimental nature of such development strategies is emphasized, as is the need for Third World nations to (1) continually be aware of how their own objective conditions differ from those in the West, & (2) involve the people in industrialization projects. 93 References. K. Hyatt

The study examined the impact of privatization on economic growth and income inequality in 82 developing countries between 1991 and 2002. Using the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) approach, we found that privatization did not have a significant impact on both economic growth and income inequality. However, good governance had a positive impact on economic growth and a negative impact on income inequality, while foreign direct investment (FDI) had a negligible impact on economic growth but a positive effect on income inequality. The findings of the study suggest that country-specific characteristics may be more important in promoting growth and reducing income inequality than any economic policy per se.

Objective. Few studies have examined the determinants of privatization in Sub‐Saharan Africa. This study examined the macroeconomic, political, and institutional factors that drive the privatization process in Sub‐Saharan Africa.Method. We used pooled ordinary least squares regression estimation technique to analyze the determinants of privatization in 22 Sub‐Saharan African countries over a period of 12 years (1991–2002).Results. We found that inflation, income inequality, and the institutional or governance infrastructure are key determinants of privatization in Sub‐Saharan Africa. On the other hand, we did not find democracy and debt to be significantly correlated with privatization. However, countries with high debt levels that were also experiencing high inflation were more likely to privatize.Conclusion. Government leadership and, consequently, politics play a significant role in the privatization decision in Sub‐Saharan African countries.

How does foreign direct investment (FDI) affect domestic investment and economic growth? What is the importance of institutional infrastructure or governance in promoting growth in developing counties? This study empirically examines these issues for a cross section of 88 developing countries. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed effects (FE) estimation techniques, the study finds that FDI is positively and significantly correlated with economic growth. The study also finds that FDI has had a greater impact in Asia than in other developing countries. However, FDI has had a net crowding-out effect on domestic investment, which suggests that FDI promotes growth through its efficiency-inducing effects rather than its augmentation of domestic investment. Finally, the study found that a country's institutional infrastructure is positively and significantly correlated with economic growth. Adapted from the source document.

This article seeks to unpack the implications of contemporary peacebuilding for technocratic, bureaucratic organizational forms. It argues that if the contemporary peacebuilding literature is taken as given, fundamental alterations are required in predominately Western peacebuilding systems—specifically in the structure and function of bureaucratic organizations that typically fund, manage and execute peacebuilding interventions. The analysis proceeds by matching five 'peacebuilding principles' derived from contemporary literature, with an organizational framework that highlights key structural and functional aspects of bureaucracies, thus allowing organizational deficiencies to be identified. The article argues that current peacebuilding scholarship would benefit from theoretically guided organizational research on the various organizations and systems involved in peacebuilding implementation. It concludes that peacebuilding scholars can be informed by the significant body of knowledge in the fields of public administration and policy, which bring a rich history of studying implementation situations that parallel in many ways complex peacebuilding interventions.