Suchergebnisse

Erörterung der Auswirkungen des Flüchtlingsproblems (der Autor geht von 2,8 Millionen afghanischen Flüchtlingen in Pakistan bis Mai 1983 aus) auf die pakistanische Haltung im Afghanistankonflikt

Storytelling is a strategic marketing tool for building customer engagement by anecdotally structuring branded content to grab their attention. The present study renders a scholarly narrative of a transformational ad campaign and its resultant customer engagement on social media. The study follows a netnographic approach, using a qualitative triangulation method to observe the engagement around this campaign. Data are collected from online platforms, namely, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The study identifies the sentiments of customer engagement in the campaign. Furthermore, a semiotic analysis has appraised the storytelling elements in the campaign videos. The findings suggest that storytelling can effectively connect with audiences and drive home critical messages by using narratives and emotional elements. The findings have implications for marketing professionals who want to understand the impact of storytelling on transformational advertising campaigns.

As part of the baseline survey of a prospective study of the natural history of HIV-1 infection among intravenous (IV) drug users, 1,580 current and former IV drug users (IVDUs) were interviewed about their knowledge of AIDS, acquisition and prevention of HIV-1 infection, and risk behaviors. Using the National Center for Health Statistics's AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire, responses are compared to a cross-section of the U.S. population. The results show few differences between current knowledge of routes of transmission, general AIDS knowledge, unlikely sources of infection, and methods of prevention among IVDUs who are at high risk of acquiring HIV-1 and the general public, presumably at very low risk of infection. Analyses of HIV-1 and AIDS knowledge also demonstrated virtually no differences by HIV-1 antibody status or awareness of their serostatus at baseline, with the exception that those aware of their status were less likely to be hopeless in dealing with the problem. While few consistent differences were found between drug use behaviors and knowledge, IVDUs who reported having been in drug treatment were systematically better informed as to routes of transmission and prevention methods. However, those with a history of treatment were also more likely to see themselves at higher risk of acquiring HIV-1 than those who did not have this history. The data demonstrate that basic knowledge about HIV-1 has diffused to the IVDU community. Increasing treatment opportunities would seem to offer one avenue for assisting in behavior change in light of the HIV-1 epidemic these individuals face.

Introduction: Patient care in the emergency department (ED) is often complicated by the inability to obtain an accurate prior history even when the patient is able to communicate with the ED staff. Personal health records (PHR) can mitigate the impact of such information gaps. This study assesses ED patients' willingness to adopt a PHR and the treating physicians' willingness to use that information. Methods: This cross-sectional study was answered by 184 patients from 219 (84%) surveys distributed in an academic ED. The patient surveys collected data about demographics, willingness and barriers to adopt a PHR, and the patient's perceived severity of disease on a 5-point scale. Each patient survey was linked to a treating physician survey of which 210 of 219 (96%) responded. Results: Of 184 surveys completed, 78% of respondents wanted to have their PHR uploaded onto the Internet, and 83% of providers felt they would access it. Less than 10% wanted a software company, an insurance company, or the government to control their health information, while over 50% wanted a hospital to control that information. The patients for whom these providers would not have used a PHR had a statistically significant lower severity score of illness as determined by the treating physician from those that they would have used a PHR (1.5 vs 2.4, P, 0.01). Fifty-seven percent of physicians would only use a PHR if it took less than 5 minutes to access. Conclusion: The majority of patients and physicians in the ED are willing to adopt PHRs, especially if the hospital participates. ED physicians are more likely to check the PHRs of more severely ill patients. Speed of access is important to ED physicians. [West J Emerg Med. 2012;13(2):172–175.]

Abstract
High-resolution assessment of historical levels is essential for assessing the health effects of ambient air pollution in the large Indian population. The diversity of geography, weather patterns, and progressive urbanization, combined with a sparse ground monitoring network makes it challenging to accurately capture the spatiotemporal patterns of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in India. We developed a model for daily average ambient PM2.5 between 2008 and 2020 based on monitoring data, meteorology, land use, satellite observations, and emissions inventories. Daily average predictions at each 1 km × 1 km grid from each learner were ensembled using a Gaussian process regression with anisotropic smoothing over spatial coordinates, and regression calibration was used to account for exposure error. Cross-validating by leaving monitors out, the ensemble model had an R2 of 0.86 at the daily level in the validation data and outperformed each component learner (by 5–18%). Annual average levels in different zones ranged between 39.7 μg/m3 (interquartile range: 29.8–46.8) in 2008 and 30.4 μg/m3 (interquartile range: 22.7–37.2) in 2020, with a cross-validated (CV)-R2 of 0.94 at the annual level. Overall mean absolute daily errors (MAE) across the 13 years were between 14.4 and 25.4 μg/m3. We obtained high spatial accuracy with spatial R2 greater than 90% and spatial MAE ranging between 7.3–16.5 μg/m3 with relatively better performance in urban areas at low and moderate elevation. We have developed an important validated resource for studying PM2.5 at a very fine spatiotemporal resolution, which allows us to study the health effects of PM2.5 across India and to identify areas with exceedingly high levels.