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Introduction -- I. DATA. A Nation in Numbers -- Calcutta Conquers Delhi -- Chasing Computers -- II. Democracy? Help the Plan - Help Yourself -- Salvation in Service -- Epilogue.

AbstractIn the middle of the twentieth century, statistician P. C. Mahalanobis strove to haul India into the computer age. Convinced that these machines were integral to the future of economic planning in India, he and the Indian Statistical Institute mounted a campaign to bring India its first computers. In the years following independence, Mahalanobis and the Indian Statistical Institute acquired significant influence in the Indian planning process—culminating in them effectively authoring India's Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61). The tale of the computer's journey to India demonstrates that the decision to centrally plan independent India's economy, and the resultant explosion of official statistics, provided the justification for the pursuit of computers. They potentially solved what was considered centralized planning's greatest puzzle: big data. Mahalanobis persuaded the Indian government of the need to import computers for the purposes of development, and then negotiated the import of these exorbitantly expensive machines during visits to Europe, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Needless to say, the question of which country would provide India its first computers would ruffle Cold War feathers. This article brings together and identifies a link between the research activities of the Indian Statistical Institute, its deepening association with economic planning and the installation of India's earliest computers.

During the first half of the twentieth century numerous efforts were made in Madras to taper the consumption of liquor among the cities' workers. Those who put their weight behind such schemes included municipal and presidency governments, employers, missionaries and labour unions. Though their motives may have been divergent, they agreed that plebian liquor consumption was unacceptably high. Their endeavours ranged from restricting access to alcohol by various means to making repeated attempts at founding recreational clubs for workers. These clubs were intended as spaces of leisure that provided counter-inducements to alcohol. This article traces the methods employed in this urban temperance agenda noting the changes they sought to effect in the culture of popular leisure. Based on an examination of these temperance schemes—worker's clubs in particular—I suggest that the regular appearance of tea and coffee in these campaigns indicates that their use as agents of sobriety consciously dovetailed with the creation of mass markets for these hitherto niche products.

"By exploring themes of fragility, mobility and turmoil, anxieties and agency, and pedagogy, The Postcolonial Moment in South and Southeast Asia shows how colonialism shaped postcolonial projects in South Asia including Burma, Indonesia and Pakistan. Through fascinating and original chapters, it unearths the contingency and contention that accompanied the establishment of nation-states and their claim to be postcolonial heirs. Key postcolonial moments - a struggle for citizenship, anxious constitution making, mass education and land reform - are placed against the aftermath of the Second World War and discussed within a global framework, relating them to the global transformation in political geography from Empire to Nation. The chapters analyse how futures and ideals envisioned by anticolonial activists were made reality, whilst others were discarded. Drawing on the expertise of eminent contributors, this is an excellent compilation of ground-breaking research on postcolonial South and Southeast Asia."--Bloomsbury Publishing

Final Report ; The impacts on air pollution and health equity of Tampa Bay Next, an ongoing transportation planning program in the Tampa area, were investigated in this study. Part 1 of this report describes simulations performed using a high-resolution modeling system to estimate changes in pollutant emissions, concentrations, population exposures, and exposure equity that may result from the proposed freeway changes under the program. Inequity in the distribution of exposures among racial-ethnic and income groups was also estimated. Part 2 describes the application of a Health in All Policies (HiAP) perspective to the program, through literature review, review of program documents, interviews with key informants, and evaluations using a rating matrix. Results from the simulation analyses indicate that the planned freeway expansion may slightly decrease daily NOx exposures on average, while increasing exposure densities during peak periods in some localities. Group-average exposures decreased for all population subgroups, but disparities in exposure increased for the black and the below-poverty groups. Results from the HiAP analysis suggest that health and equity have not been central considerations in program planning, and multi-sectoral collaboration has been limited, resulting in many stakeholders outside the transportation sector concerned that the program costs and benefits are unfairly distributed. Historical silos in the mode focus and funding structure of the transportation sector also appear to hamper designs and changes that could improve equity and health outcomes. Improving the equity and health impacts of this and other large-scale metropolitan transportation programs will likely require political commitment to the participation of more extensive multi-sectoral cooperative bodies, including the health sector, from the early stages of program planning, along with changes to the funding structures that allow consideration of investments in alternative modes of transportation simultaneously with roadway expansion. ; U.S. Department of Transportation 69A3551747119