Suchergebnisse

Nasilјe i agresija su pojmovi koji se često koriste u literaturi za označavanje različitih oblika lјudskog ponašanja i predstavlјaju destruktivne obrasce ponašanja kojima se nanosi šteta pojedincu i društvu. Naučno razumevanje i objašnjenje nasilјa jedan je od osnovnih naučnih zadataka kojem se mora posvetiti posebna pažnja. Iako se može smatrati da je nasilјe precizan termin, u stvarnosti predstavlјa spektar heterogenih oblika ponašanja koji mogu biti fizički i emocionalni sa različitom refleksijom na odnos žrtve i počinioca u specifičnim životnim situacijama. Cilј ovog rada je da pregledom naučne literature i analizom sadržaja različitih definicija nasilјa i agresije, uz primenu komparativnog metoda, ukažemo na specifičnosti interpersonalnog nasilja i njegove različite manifestacije. Posebna pažnja je posvećena podeli i kategorizaciji nasilјa i posledicama koje ono ima na pojedinca i njegovu mikro i makro socijalnu sredinu. Jedan deo rada posvećen je nasilјu u porodici kao zasebnom sociološkom, zdravstvenom i kriminološkom problemu i njegovim negativnim implikacija koje ima na žene, decu i stare. Takođe je ukazano na problem nasilјa u LGBT partnerskim zajednicama o čemu kod nas gotovo da nema naučnih podataka i istraživanja.

Research indicates that the likelihood of developing addiction increases with the number of adverse childhood experiences [ACE]. ACE are common precursors to early initiation of psychoactive substance use [PAS], significantly increasing the risk of substance abuse and faster progression to substance addiction [SA]. ACE are associated with a more severe course of addiction, poorer treatment outcomes, and higher rates of relapse after treatment completion. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the link between ACE and the development of psychoactive substance dependence during adulthood, through the method of analysis and synthesis of empirical and theoretical research. The theoretical framework of the paper is based on the theories of cumulative inequality and trauma, which provide overarching postulates for interpreting the link between childhood adversity and SA, and offer conceptual insights into understanding the detrimental effects of ACE on the biopsychosocial development of individuals. This approach challenges the traditional notions of addiction as a "personal choice", "moral irresponsibility", "circumstantial coincidence", or "genetic predisposition". The paper provides guidelines that emphasise the need for an integrative approach in addressing trauma and addiction, as well as a holistic approach to individuals undergoing addiction treatment.

An analysis of most definitions of organized crime point to the fact that its main goal is the acquisition of financial profit. That is why one of the basic measures that most affects organized crime is confiscation of illegally acquired property. The purpose of that confiscation, through different historical epochs, was to punish the perpetrator of a criminal act, to compensate the injured party, or to prevent and deter others from committing criminal acts. The goal of this paper is to review scientific literature and analyze the content of various legal acts and documents, with the application of the comparative method, and to point out the specifics of the institute of confiscation of property acquired through criminal activities as one of the measures in the fight against organized crime. Property confiscation as a special measure in the fight against crime has encountered numerous criticisms and controversies in domestic and foreign literature, which will be the subject of a separate part of this paper. Seizures differ from country to country due to different legal qualifications, making it difficult to apply this institute in a uniform manner, on a global level. We point out the results that this measure gave at the international level and the success and criticism of its application in domestic legislation and practice.

School-based programs focused on externalizing problems in students are recognized as an important part of school life and work. The aim of this paper is the systematization of scientific studies in the form of systematic presentations and meta-analysis of school programs, in which externalising problems in students is among the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the program. Scientific results published in English in the last seven years are included in the systematization. Bases searched during research are: Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Web of Science (WOS), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) and Scopus. The results of the research indicate that the most successful school-based interventions resulting in the prevention and reduction of externalizing problems are based on socio-emotional learning, that they are mostly implemented by teachers, that they are incorporated into the curriculum, and that their success depends on the quality of implementation.

Background/Aim. Homelessness is a problem with social, medical, economic, political and other implications. Despite a large number of studies, reports about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of homeless persons remain sparse. There is a summary of consistent evidence that homeless people have higher prevalence of chronic disease (mental and somatic) than general population. The aim of this study was to assess HRQoL and depression in homeless persons in Belgrade, to describe their sociodemographic factors and health status (the presence of chronic mental and somatic diseases and addiction disorders) and analyse impact of sociodemographic factors and health status to HRQoL and depression of homeless persons. Methods. The study was conducted in the Shelter for Adult and Elderly Persons in Belgrade, from January 1 to January 31, 2012. A set of questionnaires used in survey included Serbian translation of SF-36 questionnaire, Serbian translation of Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and sociodemographic questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive and analytic methods. Results. Our study sample consisted of 104 adult participants. The majority of them were male (74%) and the mean age in the sample was 48.2 ± 13.0 years. We have found that 35.6% participants had lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorder, most frequently depression (lifetime prevalence of 15.4% in the study group). The history of suicide attempts was registered in 28 (26.9%) participants. Lifetime illicit drugs use was reported by 12.5%, daily smoking by 82.7% and daily alcohol consumption by 8.7% of the participants. Most common somatic chronic diseases were cardiovascular while chronic lung diseases were the second most frequent. Single chronic disease was present in 33 (31.7%) of the participants and comorbidity of 2 chronic diseases was present in 20 of them. A statistically significant difference between participants' HRQoL SF-36 domain scores and norms of general population was found only for role physical domain (lower in homeless, p lt 0.001). ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference in SF-36 HRQoL domain and composite scores between different age groups, nor did marital status, education level, length of homelessness, alcohol use or smoking significantly affect the HRQoL. The mean BDI-II score in the studied population was 19.1 ± 11.6. Severe depression was registered in 20.2% of the participants, moderate in 23.1%, mild in 19.2% and minimal in 37.5%. A highly significant negative correlation was verified between BDI-II and all domains and composite scores of SF-36 (p lt 0.001). Conclusion. Measures for prevention of homelessness should include: foundation of national registry of homeless persons, development of systemic multisectorial cooperation and special psychosocial intervention strategies. In homeless population, health care measures should be focused on prevention and treatment of mental health disorders and chronic somatic diseases. ; Uvod/Cilj. Beskućništvo predstavlja problem sa širokim društvenim, zdravstvenim i ostalim implikacijama. Postoje brojni dokazi da beskućnici imaju višu prevalenciju hroničnih (mentalnih i somatskih) oboljenja u odnosu na opštu populaciju. Cilj rada je bio utvrđivanje kvaliteta života (KŽ) i depresivnosti kod beskućnika, socijalnodemografskog i zdravstvenog statusa u ovoj populaciji, te analiza faktora koji utiču na KŽ i depresivnost beskućnika. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Centru za smeštaj odraslih i starih lica u Beogradu tokom januara 2012. godine. Korišćen je komplet upitnika: SF-36 za ispitivanje KŽ, Bekova skala depresije II (BDI-II) i sociodemografski upitnik. Analiza je obavljena metodama deskriptivne i analitičke statistike. Rezultati. Studija je obuhvatila 104 ispitanika. Većinu su činili muškarci (74%), a prosečna starost je iznosila 48,2 ± 13,0 godina. Kod 35,6% ispitanika utvrđena je dijagnoza psihijatrijske bolesti (najčešće depresije). Samoubistvo je pokušalo 28 (26,9%) ispitanika. U uzorku je bilo 82,7% pušača, a najčešće hronične somatske bolesti su bile kardiovaskularne bolesti. Komorbiditet više somatskih bolesti je bio prisutan kod trećine ispitanika. Fizička uloga je jedini domen KŽ koji je bio niži nego u opštoj populaciji (p lt 0,001). Depresija teškog stepena utvrđena je kod 20,2% ispitanika. Negativna korelacija postojala je između skorova BDI-II i svih skorova KŽ (p lt 0,001). Zaključak. Mere za prevenciju beskućništva bi trebalo da uključe formiranje nacionalnog registra beskućnika, razvoj sistemske međusektorske saradnje i primenu specijalnih psihosocijalnih interventnih strategija. Kod beskućnika zdravstveni sistem treba da bude fokusiran na prevenciju i lečenje mentalnih poremećaja i hroničnih somatskih oboljenja.