Suchergebnisse

Examines the gap between the First Amendment ideal of an independent press & reality in US journalism, with particular attention given to news coverage during the run up to the Iraq War. It is argued that US journalism marches lockstep with the government; ie, if Washington officials are not talking about it, neither will journalists. Further, examples are provided to demonstrate that journalistic criticism of foreign policy is unlikely without dissent rearing its head within government first. Although the press is supposed to be independent of the government, it is clear in the case of the Iraq War that it looked to elected Democrats for critical perspectives. Finding none, the press then lacked the impetus to challenge the Bush administration. Key journalists, eg, Jim Lehrer & Judith Miller, are seen to be ducking responsibility; the Iraq War is a prime example of journalists allowing the government to decide what news to report. J. Zendejas

Der Artikel geht der Frage nach, inwieweit das amerikanische Fernsehen mit seiner Berichterstattung aus Somalia Einfluß hatte auf die politische Handlungsweise der amerikanischen Regierung unter Präsident Georg Bush und der anschließenden militärischen Intervention. Entgegen der allgemeinen Annahme, im Zusammenhang mit Somalia, Fernsehen hätte die Macht, Regierungen zu beeinflussen, zeigt der Artikel, daß es in diesem Fall gerade umgekehrt war und daß die Berichterstattung eher in Zusammenarbeit mit politischen Akteuren in Washington gemacht wurde (SWP-Drh)

Argues that political pressure groups promoted media coverage which became an important influence on President Bush's decision to intervene in Somalia; 1992.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent trends in knowledge of HIV status, care and viral suppression, and the status of implementation of relevant contextual requirements for the United States to achieve the 90-90-90 goals. Recently, the US government announced a plan to decrease HIV incidence by over 90% by 2030. Reaching this goal may require higher targets than 90-90-90. RECENT FINDINGS: The United States is on course to reach 90-90-90 goals in the near future, with 86% of persons with HIV aware of their infection, 74% of persons with diagnosed infection in care, and 83% of persons in care with viral suppression in 2016. Some high-burden subnational jurisdictions have already achieved these goals. SUMMARY: The United States is likely to reach 90-90-90 targets in the near future. However, to reduce HIV incidence by at least 90% by 2030, the United States will need to rapidly meet the new 95-95-95 targets and deploy a comprehensive strategy with novel approaches to testing, retaining persons with HIV on treatment, and preventing new infections with preexposure prophylaxis and comprehensive syringe services programs.

Le livre est un guide pour les agents de santé à travers le monde, notamment dans les zones où les ressources médicales sont peu nombreuses. Conçu comme un manuel pour les gens confrontés à la pandémie du VIH dans leurs communautés, il a été écrit de façon à être très accessible à ceux qui n'ont aucune connaissance médicale ou technique et sans formation préalable dans le domaine de la prévention du VIH et du suivi médical de ceux qui vivent avec le SIDA. Les thèmes vont de la biologie du virus à l'élaboration de programmes de prévention, de l'épidémiologie de la maladie à la rédaction des propositions de subvention. Les auteurs discutent explicitement des facteurs des risques d'infection et suggèrent des méthodes utiles pour expliquer et aider les gens à changer de comportement. (DÜI-Sbd)

IntroductionHIV RNA viral load (VL) has been shown to increase during opportunistic illnesses (OIs), suggesting active HIV replication in response to infection among patients not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). We assessed the effects of OIs on HIV RNA VL and CD4+ T cell counts among patients on ART with initially suppressed VL.MethodsBetween 2003 and 2007, we enrolled and followed 1094 HIV‐1‐infected adults who initiated ART and had quarterly blood draws for VL and CD4+ T cell count. In VL/CD4+ T cell measurement intervals following undetectable VL, we compared the elevation in VL to detectable levels and CD4+ T cell count changes between intervals when participants had episodes of OIs and intervals when they did not have OIs.ResultsVL was more likely to be detectable if participants had OIs in the prior three months compared to when they did not (OR=4.0 (95% CI=1.9–8.6)). The CD4+ T cell counts declined 24.1 cells/µL per three months in intervals where the participants had OIs compared to an increase of 21.3 cells/µL per three months in intervals where they did not have OIs (adjusted difference in the rate of CD4+ T cell count change of 61.7 cells/µL per three months (95% CI=13.7–109.7), P value=0.012). The rate of CD4+ T cell count increase was 25.6 cells/µL per three months (95% CI=11.6–39.6) higher for females compared to males (p value=<0.001), 1.4 cells/µL per three months lower per one year increase in age (p value=0.046) and 4 cells/µL per three months lower per 10 cells/µL increase in the starting CD4+ T cell count value (p value=<0.001).ConclusionEpisodes of opportunistic infections among patients taking ART with undetectable VL were associated with elevation of HIV RNA VL to detectable levels and decline in CD4+ T cell counts.Clinical Trial Number: NCT00119093.