Suchergebnisse

This paper explores how family, school and community factors
influence adolescents' time allocation among market work, domestic work,
learning and leisure. We model adolescents' time use in a multivariate
framework, using explanatory variables characterising the household as
well as labour demand, school access and school quality at the district
level. This research shows that the amount of time children spend
working, whether at home or in the market, is strongly correlated with
household poverty, as proxied by an asset index. Consistent with the
literature on the predictors of school enrolments of adolescents, the
time spent on learning is also significantly lower among the poor. In
Pakistan the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) census poverty
score database, which includes information on household assets, would be
a very promising tool to target efforts to increase children's time
allocated to learning. JEL classification: D60, I24, I30 Keywords:
Pakistan, Education, Child Labour.

We assess factors affecting primary and middle school dropout in rural Punjab and NorthWest Frontier Province over 6 years (1997-2004). These data are unique in a developing-country setting in longitudinally tracking changes in both school and household environments. While grade retention has improved, girls' dropout rates remain fairly high. Results suggest the importance of both household and school factors. For girls, arrival in the family of an unwanted birth in the last 6 years and enrollment in a government (not private) primary school significantly increase the likelihood of dropout, whereas availability of post-primary schooling, having a mother who attended school, and living in a better-off household reduce the probability of dropout. For boys, school quality, measured by the percent of residential teachers in the primary school, and living in a more developed community significantly reduce the probability of dropping out; loss of household remittances significantly increases the likelihood of dropout.