Suchergebnisse

In the United States psychiatrists consistently diagnose schizophrenia in African American men at rates four to five times higher than in other groups of persons. Metzl shows how, far from resulting from the racist intentions, misdiagnosis emerges from a much wider set of cultural shifts

This paper examines the discourse surrounding the release in 1955 of Miltown, America's first psychotropic wonder drug. According to many histories of psychiatry, Miltown heralded the arrival of a new paradigm in treating psychiatric patients – as a drug that operated on a neurochemical level, it was argued to replace a psychoanalytic approach with its focus on the mother‐child relation. Between 1955 and 1960, articles about pharmaceutical miracle cures for mental illnesses filled mass‐circulation news magazines and top fashion magazines. Through analysis of these representations, this article shows how the newly discovered pills came to be associated with existing concerns about conditions problematically referred to as 'maternal conditions,' ranging from a woman's frigidity, to a bride's uncertainty, to a wife's infidelity. Using these representations, the paper demonstrates how in American popular culture, psychoanalytic notions of motherhood prevalent in the 1950s shaped early understandings and uses of psychotropic drugs.

Intro -- Foreword: The Promise of Structural Competency -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Contributors -- Introduction -- References -- Part I: Structural Competency in Classrooms and Clinics -- Teaching and Testing Structural Competency in Pre-health Undergraduate Classrooms -- The Problem -- Theoretical Framework -- The Path -- Medicine, Health, and Society -- Structural Foundations of Health Survey -- Health Disparity-Related Professional Preparation -- Obesity -- Heart Disease -- Depression -- Key Learnings -- Translation to Other Sites -- References -- The Walking Classroom and the Community Clinic: Teaching Social Medicine Beyond the Medical School -- The Problem: Placing Social Medicine in the Curriculum -- Theoretical Framework -- The Approach I: The Walking Classroom -- The Approach II: The Clinic and Its Communities -- Outcomes and Lessons Learned -- References -- This Ain't No Tool, This Ain't No Toolbox -- Slowing Down: The Question of Time -- Appendix 1: Structured Observation Guiding Questions -- References -- Reflections on the Intersection of Student Activism and Structural Competency Training in a New Medical School Curriculum -- The Problem: How Can Student Activists Work with Faculty for Curricular Change -- Theoretical Framework -- The Path -- Social Movements and the Field of Medicine -- Orientation to Medical School -- From Orientation to Medical School -- Deeply Personal -- Structural Competency -- Addressing Shortcomings -- References -- The Structural Competency Working Group: Lessons from Iterative, Interdisciplinary Development of a Structural Competency Training Module -- Building Social Analysis into Curricula for Health Professionals -- Theoretical Framework: Practicing "Impractical" Thinking -- The Path: Iterative, Interdisciplinary Collaboration.

"Combining first-person narration, scholarly reflections, and advocacy, this volume features conversations with physician-scholars Rita Charon and Jonathan Metzl and provides a holistic view of the human interactions and structural forces that define healthcare today. The contributors afford us opportunities to reconsider health through a poetic and political lense, and help us envision a more socially informed and just practice of medicine"--

Four assumptions frequently arise in the aftermath of mass shootings in the United States: (1) that mental illness causes gun violence, (2) that psychiatric diagnosis can predict gun crime, (3) that shootings represent the deranged acts of mentally ill loners, and (4) that gun control "won't prevent" another Newtown (Connecticut school mass shooting). Each of these statements is certainly true in particular instances. Yet, as we show, notions of mental illness that emerge in relation to mass shootings frequently reflect larger cultural stereotypes and anxieties about matters such as race/ethnicity, social class, and politics. These issues become obscured when mass shootings come to stand in for all gun crime, and when "mentally ill" ceases to be a medical designation and becomes a sign of violent threat.

This article outlines a four-part strategy for future research in mental health and complementary disciplines that will broaden understanding of mass shootings and multi-victim gun homicides. First, researchers must abandon the starting assumption that acts of mass violence are driven primarily by diagnosable psychopathology in isolated "lone wolf" individuals. The destructive motivations must be situated, instead, within larger social structures and cultural scripts. Second, mental health professionals and scholars must carefully scrutinize any apparent correlation of violence with mental illness for evidence of racial bias in the official systems that define, measure, and record psychiatric diagnoses, as well as those that enforce laws and impose criminal justice sanctions. Third, to better understand the role of firearm access in the occurrence and lethality of mass shootings, research should be guided by an overarching framework that incorporates social, cultural, legal, and political, but also psychological, aspects of private gun ownership in the United States. Fourth, effective policies and interventions to reduce the incidence of mass shootings over time—and to prevent serious acts of violence more generally—will require an expanded body of well-funded interdisciplinary research that is informed and implemented through the sustained engagement of researchers with affected communities and other stakeholders in gun violence prevention. Emerging evidence that the coronavirus pandemic has produced a sharp increase both in civilian gun sales and in the social and psychological determinants of injurious behavior adds special urgency to this agenda.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction: Why "Against Health"? -- Part I : What Is Health, Anyway? -- 2. What Is Health and How Do You Get It? -- 3 Risky Bigness: On Obesity, Eating, and the Ambiguity of "Health" -- 4 Against Global Health? Arbitrating Science, Non-Science, and Nonsense through Health -- Part II : Seeing Health through Morality -- 5 The Social Immorality of Health in the Gene Age: Race, Disability, and Inequality -- 6. Fat Panic and the New Morality -- 7 Against Breastfeeding (Sometimes) -- Part III : Making Health and Disease -- 8 Pharmaceutical Propaganda -- 9 The Strangely Passive-Aggressive History of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder -- 10 Obsession: Against Mental Health -- 11 Atomic Health, or How The Bomb Altered American Notions of Death -- Part IV : Pleasure and Pain after Health -- 12 How Much Sex Is Healthy? The Pleasures of Asexuality -- 13 Be Prepared -- 14 In the Name of Pain -- 15 Conclusion: What Next? -- About the Contributors -- Index