Suchergebnisse

Während politische Skandale gut erforscht sind und von vielen Seiten wissenschaftlich thematisiert wurden, ist bislang wenig bekannt über Skandalberichterstattung im Gesundheitsbereich. Dabei berühren gerade solche Missstände oft ethisch sensible Fragen und tief greifende Ängste. Bedroht wird das wichtigste Gut der Menschen: ihre Unversehrtheit. Entsprechend verheerend können die Auswirkungen skandalisierender Medienberichte sein. Das zeigt in besonderem Maße der sogenannte Organspendeskandal, in dessen Verlauf die Einstellung der Bevölkerung zu Organspende negativer wurde und die Spendenzahlen deutlich zurückgingen. Gerade in diesem Themenfeld nehmen Medien aufgrund mangelnder persönlicher Erfahrungen der Bevölkerung eine zentrale Rolle bei der Informationsvermittlung ein. Vor dem Hintergrund der im Juni 2012 publik gewordenen Missstände an deutschen Kliniken wurden deshalb die Mechanismen und Kennzeichen eines Gesundheitsskandals untersucht sowie die zeitgleiche Veränderung der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung analysiert

Menschenrechtsbildung hat sich in den letzten Jahren nach und nach zu einem eigenen Tätigkeitsfeld internationaler Organisationen, der Staaten und NGOs entwickelt. In dieser Arbeit wird analysiert, inwieweit internationale Regelungen wie Verträge und Deklarationen als auch diverse Programme in diesem Bereich umgesetzt worden sind. Es wird demnach der Frage nachgegangen, ob und in welchem Umfang völkerrechtliche Vorgaben im Bereich der Menschenrechtsbildung durch die Staaten verwirklicht worden sind bzw. gerade verwirklicht werden. Zuerst wird versucht, den Begriff ?Menschenrechtsbildung? selbst zu definieren. Auch der Unterschied zwischen den Begriffen Menschenrechtsbildung und Menschenrechtslernen soll geklärt werden.Danach ist die Frage der Existenz eines Rechts auf Menschenrechtsbildung zu klären und zu überlegen, auf welche rechtlichen Grundlagen auf internationaler Ebene sie sich stützen könnte. Den Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit bildet der zweite Teil. In ihm werden die wichtigsten UN-Programme im Bereich der Menschenrechtsbildung, namentlich die UN-Dekade für Menschenrechtsbildung und ihr Nachfolger, das UN-Weltprogramm für Menschenrechtsbildung, beschrieben. Neben Inhaltsfragen und Zielvorstellungen wird im Rahmen der Problemstellung vor allem auf die fragliche Verwirklichung der Dekade eingegangen und insbesondere eine Evaluierung der mit 2009 beendeten ersten Phase des Weltprogramms für Menschenrechtsbildung versucht. Auf Basis von Fragebogenbeantwortungen über die Effektivität der ersten Phase soll geklärt werden, inwieweit dieses Programm eingehalten bzw. umgesetzt worden ist. Beendet wird die Arbeit mit einem Ausblick auf zukünftige Vorhaben im Bereich der Menschenrechtsbildung. Hier werden die zweite Phase des Weltprogramms und ihre Schwerpunkte in der Umsetzung beschrieben und abschließend wird ; In recent years Human Rights Education has been developed gradually to a separate area of activity of international organizations, nations and NGOs. This paper analyzes the extent to which international legal frameworks such as treaties and declarations as well as various programs have been implemented in this area. It will therefore examine the question whether and to which extent international legal standards in the field of human rights education have been realized by the states. At the beginning "human rights education" itself should be defined which happens in the first chapter of the first part of this work. At the same time there should be drawn a distinction between human rights education and citizenship education. The difference between the notions ?human rights education? and ?human rights learning? should be clarified as well.Thereupon the question of the existence of a right to human rights education has to be clarified and there is to be answered on which legal basis at international level it could rely on. These legal frameworks form the basis for the consecutive implementation of human rights education programs.The focus of this paper is on the second part. In it, the most important UN-programs on human rights education, particularly the UN-Decade for Human Rights Education and its successor, the UN -World Programme for Human Rights Education, are described. Apart from questions concerning their content and goals the author mainly tries to evaluate the 2009 ended first phase of the World Programme for Human Rights Education. Based on questionnaire responses about the effectiveness of the first phase there should be analyzed whether this program has been met or implemented. Finally there is given an outlook on future projects in the field of human rights education. In this context the second phase of the World Programme and its priorities as well as the "UN Declaration of Human Rights Education and Training" are described in more detail. ; vorgelegt von Lisa Maria Meyer ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2011 ; (VLID)213352

AbstractIn the aftermath of the A/H1N1 pandemic, health authorities were criticized for failures in crisis communication efforts, and the media were accused of amplifying the pandemic. Considering these criticisms, A/H1N1 provides a suitable case for examining risk amplification processes that may occur in the transfer of information from press releases to print news media during a health crisis. We integrated the social amplification of risk framework with theories of news decisions (news values, framing) in an attempt to contribute to existing research both theoretically and empirically. We conducted a quantitative content analysis of press releases disseminated by health and governmental authorities, as well as the quality and tabloid press in 10 European countries between March 2009 and March 2011. Altogether 243 press releases, 1,243 quality press articles, and 834 tabloid press articles were coded. Consistent with research on news values and framing the results suggest that quality and tabloid papers alike amplified A/H1N1 risks by emphasizing conflict and damage, presenting information in a more dramatized way, and using risk‐amplifying frames to a greater extent and risk‐attenuating frames to a lesser extent than press releases. To some extent, the quality and tabloid press differed in how risk information was presented. While tabloid press articles seemed to follow the leading quality press with regards to content and framing of health crisis coverage, they exhibited a stronger emphasis on drama and emotion in the way they presented information.

Abstract
Aim
was to assess whether a comprehensive approach linking existing knowledge with monitoring and modeling can provide an improved insight into coastal and marine plastics pollution. We focused on large micro- and mesoplastic (1–25 mm) and selected macroplastic items. Emission calculations, samplings in the Warnow river and estuary (water body and bottom sediments) and a flood accumulation zone monitoring served as basis for model simulations on transport and behavior in the entire Baltic Sea. Considered were the most important pathways, sewage overflow and stormwater. The coastline monitoring together with calculations allowed estimating plastics emissions for Rostock city and the Warnow catchment. Average concentrations at the Warnow river mouth were 0.016 particles/m³ and in the estuary 0.14 particles/m³ (300 µm net). The estuary and nearby Baltic Sea beaches were hot-spots for plastic accumulation with 6–31 particles/m². With increasing distance from the estuary, the concentrations dropped to 0.3 particles/m². This spatial pattern, the plastic pollution gradients and the observed annual accumulation values were consistent with the model results. Indicator items for sewer overflow and stormwater emissions exist, but were only found at low numbers in the environment. The considered visible plastics alone can hardly serve as indicator for microplastic pollution (<1 mm). The use of up-scaled emission data as input for Baltic Sea model simulations provided information on large scale emission, transport and deposition patterns of visible plastics. The results underline the importance of plastic retention in rivers and estuaries.

The recently implemented Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) of the EU Commission fundamentally changes previous reporting practices. In this context, this study examines to what extent the CSRD influences the CSR communication of large German companies. To answer the research question, 14 qualitative interviews were conducted with communication experts from companies that are either already reporting or will be required to report in the future, as well as with consultancies. The research results provide indications of organizational changes due to the CSRD, which are reflected in the growing interest of management and the associated hierarchical repositioning of CSR communication within the company. Resource-specific and structural challenges arise particularly for companies that will be required to report in the future. In addition, the long-term handling of external service providers is generally unclear for companies. The study results suggest an increasing demand for communication experts in the future, which represents an opportunity for CSR communication. Ultimately, this study recommends the use of alternative communication channels, in addition to the sustainability report. Collected indicators should be prepared and disseminated in a channel-specific manner in order to reach a broader audience.

Background. During the last H1N1 pandemic has emerged the importance of crisis communication as an essential part of health crisis management. The Project aims specifically to improve the understanding of crisis communication dynamics and effective tools and to allow public health institutions to communicate better with the public during health emergencies.Design and Methods. The Project will perform different activities: i) state of the art review; ii) identification of key stakeholders; iii) communicational analysis performed using data collected on stakeholder communication activities and their outcomes considering the lessons learnt from the analysis of the reasons for differing public reactions during pandemics; iv) improvement of the existing guidelines; v) development of Web 2.0 tools as web-platform and feed service and implementation of impact assessment algorithms; vi) organization of exercises and training on this issues.Expected impact of the study for public health. In the context of health security policies at an EU level, the project aims to find a common and innovative approach to health crisis communication that was displayed by differing reactions to the H1N1 pandemic policies. The focus on new social media tools aims to enhance the role of e-health, and the project aims to use these tools in the specific field of health institutions and citizens. The development of Web 2.0 tools for health crisis communication will allow an effective two-way exchange of information between public health institutions and citizens. An effective communication strategy will increase population compliance with public health recommendations.