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The aim of the research is the historical and legal characteristics of the main scientific concepts of the origin of the state. The opinions of scientists were analyzed and a conclusion was made about the variety of concepts related to the emergence and formation of the state. It was shown that the main concepts (theories) of the origin of the state include: theological, organic, patriarchal, psychological, class, violence theory, oligarchic, racial, cosmic, etc. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of biographical sources, synthesis, deduction, comparative analysis and meta-analysis, etc. It was concluded that in modern legal science there are various theories explaining the process of the emergence of the state from different positions. The list of scientific concepts we considered is not exhaustive, but with the development of legal science it can be expanded and supplemented with new content. Having considered the main theories of the origin of the state, we can come to the conclusion that it is impossible to state unequivocally which of these theories is absolutely correct. Each of the theories deserves attention and affection, each of them has its positive and rational points.