Suchergebnisse

During the Second Anglo-Myanmar War, Prince Mindon revolted against his reingning brother King Pagan. When he ascended the throne, King Mindon realized that the urgent reformation was necessary to maintain his throne and independence of his kingdom. This paper primarily deals with the reformations of King Mindon in administration, religion and foreign relations. In administration matters, discussion is made on the transformation from old to new administration system. In religious matters, discussion is made on the king's efforts for purifications of Buddhist religion and appointment of Thathanabaing primate. This paper also examines the King Mindon's attempts to facilitate the foreign relations and perpetuation of the independence of kingdom.

The research examines the various reasons behind the fall of the BSPP Government in Myanmar in 1988. It used the qualitative research method by doing some personal interviews with important BSPP members, and analyzing reports and primary documents published by the BSPP, reports of the BSPP party congresses, and secondary sources in the open literature in both Myanmar and English language. Given the government centric approach, the research effort concentrates on examining and analyzing many restricted documents published by the Government. The paper argues that the inherent weaknesses of socialist economic system and one-man dictatorship and the subsequent economic and political catastrophe in the whole country, added by the two demonetizations in 1985 and 1987 as the immediate causes, led to the uprisings of the people who suffered from economic difficulties and had political discontents. At the end, these brought down the BSPP Government and its vanguard party.

After regaining independence in 1948, AFPFL, the strongest political force in Myanmar, formed the first parliamentary government with U Nu as the Prime minister. Between 1948 and 1962, Myanmar in effect had one-party dominated rule within a democratic framework. Political process of Myanmar at the time was a sad story of conflicts, internal strives, split and upheavals. The first split was between Clean AFPFL and Stable AFPFL. Although there had been minor differences on ideology among the AFPFL leaders, it was personal dislike, rivalry and envy that broke up the AFPFL. The newspapers of the time were full of charges and counter charges of corruption, maladministration, and unfaithfulness of the politicians. Factionalism, that had originated in the AFPFL and survived through the period of the Clean AFPFL, was carried over into the Pyidaungsu party (Pa Hta Sa). The political tranquility was also seriously disturbed by the Prime Minister U Nu's program of making Buddhism the state religion in 1960. It led to the political confusions in the country. On the other hand, U Nu pledged for new Rakhine and Mon autonomous states in the campaign for the 1960 elections in order to broaden his political backing. The ethnic minorities especially the Shans also tended to secede from the Union under the mask of federalism. In this way, there arose increased difficulties related to national unity.

Yan-Hua Zheng, Li Xu, Chun Cao, Juan Feng, Hai-Long Tang, Mi-Mi Shu, Guang-Xun Gao, Xie-Qun Chen Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab-based combination therapy for Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), we conducted this meta-analysis by pooling the rates of overall response, major response, complete response, and grade ≥3 hematological adverse events.Methods and materials: We searched for relevant studies in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The qualitative assessment of all the included articles was conducted with reference to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was selected to perform all pooled analyses.Results: We identified altogether 22 studies with a total of 806 symptomatic WM patients enrolled. The pooled analysis indicated that the rituximab-based combination therapy achieved an overall response rate (ORR) of 84% (95% CI: 81%–87%), a major response rate (MRR) of 71% (95% CI: 66%–75%), and a complete response rate (CRR) of 7% (95% CI: 5%–10%). Rituximab plus conventional alkylating agents–containing chemotherapy (subgroup A) yielded an ORR of 86% (95% CI: 81%–89%), an MRR of 74% (95% CI: 69%–79%), and a CRR of 8% (95% CI: 4%–14%). Rituximab plus purine analog (subgroup B) resulted in an ORR of 85% (95% CI: 79%–89%), an MRR of 74% (95% CI: 66%–81%), and a CRR of 9% (95% CI: 4%–15%). Rituximab plus proteasome inhibitor (subgroup C) resulted in an ORR of 86% (95% CI: 81%–90%), an MRR of 68% (95% CI: 58%–77%), and a CRR of 7% (95% CI: 3%–11%). Rituximab plus immunomodulatory drug (subgroup D) attained relatively lower response rates, with an ORR of 67% (95% CI: 51%–81%), an MRR of 56% (95% CI: 27%–83%), and a CRR of 5% (95% CI: 1%–12%). Common grade ≥3 hematological adverse events consisted of neutropenia (33%, 95% CI: 17%–52%), thrombocytopenia (7%, 95% CI: 3%–11%), and anemia (5%, 95% CI: 3%–9%).Conclusion: Rituximab in combination with an alkylating agent, purine analog, or proteasome inhibitor is highly effective with tolerable hematological toxicities for WM. Keywords: response rate, individualized therapy

Ben shu wei"di er jie Zhongguo mi mi she hui shi guo ji yan tao hui" lun wen ji, nei rong she ji Zhongguo mi mi jiao men, mi mi hui dang de yuan liu, zu zhi, yi shi, xin yang ji qi yu jin xian dai she hui bian qian de guan xi, li shi shang de"fei huan" yu nong min zhan zheng yan jiu de li shi qi shi, min jian xin yang yu min su wen hua deng, dai biao liao gai ling yu zui xin zui quan wei de yan jiu cheng guo