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AbstractThere has been a growing interest in understanding whether and how people adapt to extreme weather events in a changing climate. This article presents one of the first empirical analyses of adaptation to flooding on a global scale. Using a sample of 97 countries between 1985 and 2010, we investigate the extent and pattern of flood adaptation by estimating the effects of a country's climatological risk, recent flood experiences, and socioeconomic characteristics on its flood‐related fatalities. Our results provide mixed evidence on adaptation: countries facing greater long‐term climatological flooding risks do not necessarily adapt better and suffer fewer fatalities; however, after controlling for the cross‐country heterogeneity, we find that more recent flooding shocks have a significant and negative effect on fatalities from subsequent floods. These findings may suggest the short‐term learning dynamics of adaptation and potential inefficacy of earlier flood control measures, particularly those that promote increased exposure in floodplains. Our findings provide important implications for climate adaptation policy making and climate modeling.

AbstractHow do people learn from disasters? Do they constantly develop and accumulate new knowledge that enables them to address recurrent disaster risks? This paper investigates whether social learning and, in particular, the development of earthquake-mitigating technologies reduces earthquake-induced fatalities. Combining patent data with a global cross-section of 894 earthquakes that occurred between 1980 and 2010, we find that countries with more disaster-mitigating innovations and more earthquake exposure in the past suffer fewer fatalities. This study is the first to empirically examine the role of technological change and social learning in disaster mitigation. It sheds light on knowledge as a key element of adaptive capacity, and suggests the importance of incorporating technology development into a long-term hazard mitigation and adaptation policy. The paper also contributes to the empirical disaster literature as the first to address the problem of missing data on disaster losses.

Moral entrepreneurs have been defined as activists who devote considerable time to influencing people to change their values to a particular value system (Becker, 1963; Posner, 1999). Yurtsever (2003) built a measurement model of the moral personality of entrepreneurs,
called the Moral Entrepreneur's Personality (MEP) through an intensive study of members of two nonprofit organizations as well as students, professors, and staff members from two universities. Creating Public Awareness, Resistance, Anticipating Threats, and Mobilizing Power have been identified
as the four dimension components of the MEP.In the present study the aim was to examine the generalizability of the MEP measurement model in a Chinese context through a large-scale survey of top managers of Chinese corporations.

Occupational stigma is pervasive, encompassing street-level bureaucrats as well; however, limited knowledge exists regarding the extent and impact on this particular group. This study employs the conservation of resources theory with a chain mediation model to expose how occupational stigma affects street-level bureaucrats' job withdrawal behavior from an emotional perspective. Based on four-wave data from 1,333 public employees across 316 grassroots communities, we identified a chain mediating the roles of emotional labor and emotional exhaustion in the negative relationship between occupational stigma and job withdrawal behavior. Research has shown that occupational stigma leads to more surface acting and less deep acting. Increased surface acting worsens employees' emotional exhaustion and increases job withdrawal behavior, whereas deep acting alleviates employees' emotional exhaustion and reduces job withdrawal behavior. This study extensively discusses the importance of public organizations valuing the emotional labor of street-level bureaucrats to help them resist the threat of occupational stigma.

Determining how to stimulate public employees' voice behaviors has become a critical issue in both theory and practice. This article draws on the theories of participative management, leadership, role theory, and social identity theory and proposes a moderated mediation model to explore the mechanism by which participative leadership shapes public employees' voice behaviors. To test this study's hypotheses, we conduct a three-wave investigation of 739 public tax agency employees in the Yangtze River Delta area of China. The results show that participative leadership significantly predicts employees' voice behaviors by enhancing their organizational identification. Furthermore, power distance moderates the relationship between participative leadership and organizational identification. These findings advance our understanding of how to motivate employees' voice behaviors from the perspective of participative leadership in public organizations.

A causal model of a mechanism related to entrepreneurial decision making was built using information obtained from psychological questionnaires (the Entrepreneurial Alertness Questionnaire, Miao, 2006; The Prior Knowledge Questionnaire, derived from Shane, 2000, and 2 questionnaires
developed by Miao - The Entrepreneurial Opportunity and Entrepreneurial Decision Making Questionnaire). Based on data from 327 entrepreneurs, the hypothesized structural equation model was validated. Results indicated that the individual psychological factors (entrepreneurial alertness and
prior knowledge) were the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and influenced entrepreneurial decision-making criteria. Therefore, it was evident that opportunity recognition played a key mediating role in the model.

The aim in this research was to examine the interaction effect of self-rated personality and group value orientation on peer-rated influence. A hierarchical regression was used to analyze the data of 263 employees in a multinational corporation. Results indicate that extraversion would
have a greater effect on individual influence in a group in which teamwork orientation was highly valued, while conscientiousness would have a greater impact on individual influence in a group in which task orientation was highly valued.

AbstractIn the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic, most countries have adopted strict regulation strategies such as travel restrictions, gathering restrictions, and daily health reporting. With the normalization of the pandemic, people have shown resistance to these highly intensive regulations. Yet few studies have explored the mechanisms of behavioral change from compliance to non‐compliance from the perspective of vicarious experiences. Based on the social cognitive theory, we constructed a model linking vicarious experiences, risk perception, and non‐compliance behavior to reveal the mechanism of why individuals do not comply with pandemic prevention rules and regulations. A sample of 1080 Chinese participants was obtained from a time lagged design. The results indicated that vicarious experiences could influence non‐compliance with prevention rules and regulations via perceived probability and perceived consequence of being caught. In addition, public trust in the government could negatively moderate the direct effect of the intention of violating prevention rules and regulations on non‐compliance. This direct effect is stronger for citizens with low levels of public trust in the government than for those with high levels. Our findings advance the understanding of the mechanisms behind the way vicarious experiences affect citizens' non‐compliance behavior with COVID‐19 prevention rules and regulations.