Suchergebnisse

On 10th September 1990 the Government of Malta deposited instruments of ratification with the United Nations Secretary General for four multilateral treaties concerned with the international protection of human rights. These are: The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (hereafter referred to as Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Covenant); The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereafter referred to as International Covenant); The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereafter referred to as Optional Protocol), all three adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1966, and the Convention Against Torture. and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degra ding Treatment or Punishment (hereafter ref erred to as the UN Convention on Torture) adopted by the General Assembly in 1984. All four treaties serve one common purpose: the protection of fundamental human rights and liberties through international legal regulation. But each instrument engenders a separate series of obligations for States in international law and the effect of the implementation of these undertakings by Malta, as a State Party, on our laws will be varied and revolutionary. The present outline is offered as a succinct record of the principal features incorporated in these instruments and of the contribution made by these texts to the formation of an ever developing com prehensive regime concerning international human rights protection that will become operative under our law. ; peer-reviewed

Whether a sunbathing beach in the Mediterranean, a surf beach in Australia, a conservation area in the UK or a wild section of wind and wave swept dunes on the Oregon coast, beaches are one of the most widely loved and heavily used and abused areas in the world. Competing social or recreational, economic and conservation uses and the needs of many users make beach management particularly challenging but vitally important. This comprehensive book provides full coverage of beach management principles and practice, with an emphasis on needs-based management. The book comprises two sections. Part.

The coastal zone contains some of the most productive and economically valuable habitats of the biosphere. It has important, but very fragile ecosystems with high species diversity and intense biological activity. Additionally, they offer very important socio-economic benefits in terms of cultural values (e.g. historic, religious, or recreational sites). ; In spite of the present awareness of this fragility, the Maltese socio-economic system is still burdening the coastal zone with non-sustainable economic development. The local approach towards coastal management is uneven, ill-defined and deficient in its decision-making. By and-large, it has been allowed to evolve within the framework of existing administrative structures and is being executed by several agencies or departments acting under a wide-ranging, and mostly non-specific legislation. Moreover, public awareness is still poorly developed and is not yet filling the current deficient policy and procedural vacuum. ; peer-reviewed

Originally developed within the Mediterranean, a tested coastal management and planning tool was applied outside the region to evaluate its international scope, with particular reference to a less developed country. Seven coastal sites in Pakistan were investigated for their scenic values through a 26 item checklist grouped as physical and human parameters analysed though weighted parameters and fuzzy logic matrices. With respect to a five-class evaluation system, results indicated: Jiwani, Miani Hor and Pasni-Astola Island as extremely attractive natural sites with very high landscape value (classified as Class 1 sites); Mubarak village as an attractive natural site with high landscape value (classified as a Class 2 site); Kaka pir village, Harjana village and Keti Bandar as having little outstanding landscape features or with urban environment and classified as Class 3 sites. Rural and/or urban environmental influences were observed to be critical factors which influenced major human parameters that ultimately affect sites' scenic classification. However, notwithstanding natural attraction, unless political and social development barriers are tackled in conjunction with recognising areas that possess inherent tourism potential, economic potential is unlikely to be realised. ; peer-reviewed