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The author examines the current populist, charismatic, but divisive president of Turkey and arguably the most consequential Turkish leader since Kemal Ataturk--was again reelected in May 2023 despite so many negative factors working against him such as a terribly faltering economy, deadly earthquake, and authoritarian reputation, among others.

"In the United States, new government employees begin their careers by pledging their allegiance to the Constitution and by committing to conscientious service dedicated to solving public problems. But what do public servants get in return? For many, a chance to serve provides public servants with a higher purpose as well as professional and personal meaning in their lives and careers. In The Promise of Public Service: Ideas and Examples for Effective Service, Michael M. Stahl, a forty-year veteran in the executive and legislative branches of state and federal service, explores what makes public servants effective by offering useful ideas and examining the accomplishments of public servants throughout American history. The book blends practical ideas and illustrative profiles as Stahl reflects seriously on theoretical frameworks, skillfully synthesizing practical experience with rigorous theoretical and conceptual analysis. Undergraduate and graduate level courses will benefit from The Promise of Public Service as a resource, and practitioners of public service in all its forms will benefit from these ideas and examples at any stage of their careers"--

One of the central issues in the study of the Chinese Communist Party and its foreign policy is its relations with Moscow. Was the CCP a Chinese nationalist party antagonistic to an intrusive Soviet Union or was it rather an internationalist party with ideological-political and strategic-military ties to Moscow, faithfully adhering to Marxist-Leninist principles as well as to Stalin's policy advice? For the past two decades a number of historians have argued that the CCP was a nationalist movement and that the United States missed its opportunity to establish friendly relations because U.S. leaders were blinded by fears of an international Communist threat. In his provocative book, Michael Sheng strongly challenges this position. On the basis of extensive new information obtained from recently available Chinese sources, Sheng demonstrates that the foreign policy of the CCP under Mao Zedong did, in fact, follow the directions recommended by Joseph Stalin. Sheng reveals that Mao and Stalin were in frequent and direct contact by radio and by correspondence, beginning in 1936, and that Mao consistently acted on Stalin's advice. Battling Western Imperialism analyzes the CCP's relations with both the Soviet Union and the United States and provides conclusive evidence that there was no "lost opportunity" for the U.S. in China. He shows that the CCP viewed the United States as a hostile capitalist power that opposed its revolutionary aims. The author has drawn on an unprecedented collection of Chinese-language materials to make a powerful new argument

In January 1918, the hanging tree on the Green in Castlebar, already stooped with age, finally succumbed to the burden of the history thrust upon it when it toppled in a storm. The following year, the last of the gaols of Mayo, ceased to be a formal prison within the British prison system. The story of the several gaols of Mayo is largely untold and what is told is confused or blended with a colourful mix of half-truths. Beginning in the late sixteenth century, this study seeks to disentangle the facts from this body of folklore. The gaols at Castlebar, Ballinrobe, Prizon, Cong and elsewhere are considered in the social, economic, and political environment in which they operated including in the context of the many epidemics, famines, rebellions, and periods of agrarian violence. Over and above the incredible detail of prisoners, prison life, and the regulation and operation of the gaols of Mayo, the surviving records also contain many accounts of exceptionally cruel deeds and practices. Women, children, and the mentally ill, were subjected to the most dehumanising treatment imaginable at detention centres operated by the Mayo Grand Jury. In addition to the poor, the destitute and the bankrupt, the gaols of Mayo also held men and women who had committed some of the most heinous crimes imaginable. Between 1805 and 1919, some 196 death sentences were handed down by the judiciary at courts in Castlebar and Ballinrobe. Those sentenced to death included pregnant women, children, and the elderly. For those who avoided the gallows, dying by their own hand or terms of imprisonment, a future in Botany Bay or Van Diemen's Land lay ahead of a long and dangerous journey

Part 1. Kurdish studies. Kurdish studies in the United States / Michael M. Gunter ; Kurdish studies in Europe / Vera Eccarius-Kelly -- Part 2. Early Kurdish history. The Kurdish Emirates ; obstacles or precursors to Kurdish nationalism? / Michael Eppel ; An overview of Kurdistan of the 19th century / Hamit Bozarslan ; The development of the Kurdish national movement in Turkey from Mahmud II to Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Serdar Akturk -- Kurdish culture. Ehmede Khani's Mem u zin : the consecration of a Kurdish national epic / Michiel Leezenberg -- Classical and modern Kurdish literature / Hashem Ahmadzadeh ; Calibrating Kurmanji and Sorani : proposal for a methodology / Michael L. Chyet ; Kurdish cinema / Bahar Simsek -- Economic dimensions. The oil imperative inthe KRG / David Romano ; De-development in eastern and southeastern Anatolia / Veli Yadirgi -- Part 5. Religion. Islam and the Kurds / Mehmet Gurses ; The inadequate Islamic grappling with the Kurdish issue / Christopher Houston ; The Jewish communities in Kurdistan within the tribal Kurdish society / Mordechai Zaken ; Yezidi baptism and rebaptism : resilience, reintegration, and religious adaptation / Tyler Fisher and Nahro Zagros -- Part 6. Geography and travel. The geopolitics of the Kurds since the first World War : between Iraq and other hard places / Michael B. Bishku ; Roaming Iraqi Kurdistan / Stafford Clarry -- Part 7. Women. Kurdish women / Anna Grabole-Celiker -- Part 8. The Kurdish situation in Turkey. The rise of the pro-Kurdish democratic movement in Turkey / Cengiz Gunes ; The Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and Kurdish political parties in the 1970s / Joost Jongerden and Ahmet Hamdi Akkaya ; Turkey's Kurdish complexes and Its Syrian quagmire / Bill Park -- Part 9. The Kurdish situation in Iraq. The State We're in: Post-Colonial Sequestration and the Kurdish Quest for Independence since the First World War / Francis Owtram ; The disputed territories of Northern Iraq : ISIS and beyond / Liam Anderson ; The continuing problem of KRG corruption / Michael Rubin ; The Russian historical and political approach towards non-conventional independence of Iraqi Kurdistan / Kirill V. Vertyaev -- Part 10. The Kurdish situation in Syria. The Kurdish PYD and the Syrian Civil War / Eva Savelsberg ; The Evolution of the Kurdish struggle in Syria : between pan-Kurdism and Syrianization, 1920-2016 / Jordi Tejel ; The roots of democratic autonomy in Northern Syria / Rojava Michael Knapp -- PART 11. Iran. Iran and the Kurds / Nader Entessar -- Part 12. The Kurdish diaspora. The future of the Kurdish diaspora / Osten Wahlbeck ; Diasporic conceptions of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq / Barzoo Eliassi ; The Kurds in Germany / Vera Eccarius-Kelly ; The Kurdish diaspora in the UK / Desmond Fernandes

Describing the Texas capitol project in its full scope and gritty detail, XIT cuts through the popular portrayal of great western ranches to reveal a more nuanced and far-reaching reality in the business and politics of the beef industry at the close of America's Gilded Age..

From the moment its last king was expelled (traditionally in 753) the Roman Republic had to fight for its very survival. Centuries of almost continuous warfare saw Rome's armies evolve in response to a wide variety of threats which were met with mixed fortunes though always with ultimate success. As defence of the homeland turned to territorial expansion, Roman forces also had to adapt to sustained campaigns in varied terrain and climates, not to mention the changes in the Roman republic itself. Michael Sage traces the development of the republic's army from its foundation (having first set the context of their regal antecedents), down to the time of its most famous leader, Julius Caesar. The transition from clan-based forces, through the 'Servian' levy and the development of the manipular and cohortal legion is examined along with the associated weapons, tactics and operational capabilities. We see how the legions shaped up against the challenges of successive enemies from the Celts and Samnites, the Carthaginians and the hitherto-dominant Hellenistic armies based on the Macedonian-style pike phalanx