Suchergebnisse

Benford's Law is a probability distribution for the likelihood of the leading digit in a set of numbers. This book seeks to improve and systematize the use of Benford's Law in the social sciences to assess the validity of self-reported data. The authors first introduce a new measure of conformity to the Benford distribution that is created using permutation statistical methods and employs the concept of statistical agreement. In a switch from a typical Benford application, this book moves away from using Benford's Law to test whether the data conform to the Benford distribution, to using it to draw conclusions about the validity of the data. The concept of 'Benford validity' is developed, which indicates whether a dataset is valid based on comparisons with the Benford distribution and, in relation to this, diagnostic procedure that assesses the impact of not having Benford validity on data analysis is devised.

"Kids have always been on the front lines of the fights for justice. From marches protesting child labor to the student strike that helped build the case for Brown v. Board of Education to modern-day March for Our Lives and the Climate Strike, 'Kids on the March' tells the empowering story of children and teens throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first century rallying to fight for liberty, justice, and equality"--

Black church, white state (1929-1944) -- Morehouse and more democracy (1944-1948) -- An emerging theology of the state (1948-1951) -- Encountering realism, countering realism (1951-1955) -- Against us, but for us (1954-1963) -- Against a minimalist state, but for a social-democratic state (1964-1965) -- Against a separate Black state, but for a revolutionized state (1966-1968).

2010 Summer. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Consumption is part of everyone's lives. Throughout history the act of consumption was used exclusively for material needs satisfaction and, for some, as a mechanism to display wealth. However, in contemporary society, an increasing number of people are using consumption choices to support issues and causes. This growing trend is often referred to as ethical consumption. This study explores who participations in ethical consumption and why they choose to do so. I recommend a new methodological approach for the study of ethical consumption that focuses on ethical behaviors and the motivations for that behavior. I demonstrate that ethical consumption is prevalent in Colorado using a state-wide mail survey and focus groups. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of survey data and focus group discussions show that liberal political affiliation, higher levels of education and holding postmateralist values are significantly related to higher levels of participation in ethical consumption. The findings also highlight the different motivations of individuals for engaging in ethical consumption. I find two major categories of values-based consumers: ethical consumers who use their purchasing decisions to support broad issues and more directed political consumers who strive to create social change with their consumption choices. Finally, I discover that some ethical consumers create a collective identity with other ethical consumers. The results highlight how many individuals use non-economically rational consumption choices to engage with social issues.