Suchergebnisse

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie, w jaki sposób wybrane polskie czasopisma w latach 1931–1939, czyli w czasie pomiędzy nową fazą konfliktu pomiędzy Chinami i Japonią a wybuchem II wojny światowej, przedstawiały Szanghaj. Był on omawiany w kontekście modernizacji Chin, II wojny chińsko-japońskiej oraz działalności Polonii szanghajskiej. A także podobnie jak dziś, był postrzegany jako jeden z symboli Państwa Środka. W pierwszym przypadku, redakcje czasopism podkreślały jego szczególną rolę polityczną, gospodarczą i kulturową w Państwie Środka. Dziennikarze zazwyczaj oceniali metropolię jako miasto wielu kultur, szans i kontrastów społecznych. W przypadku konfliktu chińsko-japońskiego los bombardowanego Szanghaju i jego mieszkańców w polskiej prasie stał się symbolem japońskich zbrodni. Dziennikarze przy tym chwalili również męstwo chińskich żołnierzy, którzy ofiarnie bronili miasta. Polskie czasopisma niewiele wspominały o Polonii szanghajskiej. Zazwyczaj były to jedyne krótkie notatki na ten temat albo pojedyncze wzmianki dodawane przy omawianiu innych zagadnień.


"Chicago of the Far East", "City of a Thousand and One Nights" or "Babylon of the East" – Shanghai and Shanghai Polish diaspora in the selected Polish interwar press in the 30s of the twentieth century"

The aim of this article is to discuss how selected Polish magazines in the years 1931–1939, in the time between the new phase of the conflict between China and Japan and the outbreak of World War II, presented Shanghai. It was discussed in the context of: the modernization of China, the Second Sino-Japanese War and the activities of the Shanghai Polish Diaspora. And also, as today, it was perceived as one of the symbols of the Middle Kingdom. In the first case, the editors of the magazines emphasized his special role in the political, economic, and cultural situation in the Middle Kingdom. Journalists usually judged the metropolis as a city of many cultures, opportunities, and social contrasts. In the case of the Sino-Japanese conflict, the fate of the bombed Shanghai and its inhabitants became a symbol of Japanese atrocities and war crimes in the Polish press. Journalists also praised the bravery of Chinese soldiers who generously defended the city. Polish magazines did not mention much about the Shanghai Polonia. Usually, these were the only short notes on the subject or individual mentions added when discussing other issues.

The Polish interwar press tried to bring its readers closer to the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun. Many articles were devoted to Japanese women. Usually, it was done by mass magazines such as sensational "As" and travel-geographical "Na Szerokim Świecie" [On the Broad World] published by holding "Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny" [Illustrated Daily Courier], as well as Warsaw "Naokoło Świata" [Around the World], and women's magazines, e.g., "Bluszcz" [Ivy]. A Japanese was presented either as a mysterious woman of exotic beauty and a mysterious soul, a wife devoted to the family, a victim of the patriarchal system, or an emancipate fighting for political, professional, and social rights. The mass magazines and women focused on the social situation of Japanese women, stressing that it was extremely unfavourable and, as an example, gave their unequal position in marriage. However, they added that their position had improved rapidly, although they still had a long way to go to emancipate. The interwar press tried to combat common stereotypes about the inhabitants of Japan. One was to say that all Japanese women are, by nature, perfect wives, mothers, and mothers-in-law, and the other that geishas are luxury prostitutes.