Suchergebnisse

Immigrants' encounters with the new legal system of the welcoming country might vary from challenging to an easy process of integration in the field of legal relationships. The newcomers' path of interaction with the field of welcoming countries' legalities often lies in the legal knowledge, understanding, and variety of assumptions about the legal world and how it is embedded in the social reality of a welcoming country. There are many factors, that shape this complexity but one of them is highly meaningful - the role of intermediaries. Therefore the subsequent research focuses on identifying and discussing the different statuses and roles of the intermediaries as they participate in the process of immigrant's interaction with the legalities of the welcoming country. These assumptions are based on the 34 qualitative interviews of foreign third-country residents in Lithuania. The results of the analysis reveal different the main roles of the intermediaries while immigrants interact with the new legal system of the welcoming country. This research indicates that intermediaries actively or passively participate in the processes of migrants' gaining legal knowledge, influence their legal behaviour and become a part of migrants' legal interactions. Intermediaries are also seen in the variance of official statuses, visible gaining different roles in legal relationships. Therefore, this research draws attention to the need for more profound attention to the immigrant's legal integration processes and deduces practical implications for it as well.

The current state of scientific discourse on legal consciousness occurs within a range of topics of enquiry. In this scope of research, a trendline of publications emerged which employs a narrower focus on the aspects of migrants' legal consciousness. As there were no systematic research aspirations in this particular field, this research explores the current scientific discourse, addresses factors for sociolegal integration and uncovers further paths for scientific enquiry as well. The following investigation adopts a method of systematic literature review which covers the time frame of research of three decades - since 1990 and introduces the main tendencies in scientific research on migrants' legal consciousness. It addresses their geographical spectrum and reasoning that lead to scientific research. The other task was set to highlight the main factors which were identified to be affecting migrant's legal consciousness and socio-legal integration as equally. The results of the investigation revealed a relatively small, but growing body of literature exploring migrants' legal consciousness with a considerably narrow geographical division of the research, concentrating mainly to one continent, and with a dominant focus to national (versus comparative) context. Therefore the current field of scientific literature on migrants' legal consciousness could benefit from the dissemination of investigations in the varied cultural environments and legal systems, as well as launching comparative studies while addressing a varying legal status. This research indicates a range of factors which plays a role in shaping migrants' consciousness, though few of them come into frontline while referring different migrants' legal status. These include, but are not limited to the list, covering legal framework and social norms or ideals of the host country, as well as the encounter with the institutional sector and cultural heritage.

The conducted research is aimed to identify those patterns in which administrative culture is distinguished while addressing the immigrants' experiences related to administrative behaviour of state institutions and public servants in the host country. The conducted research particularly focuses on international students' experiences in Lithuania. Therefore the analysis draws insights using a qualitative survey data where the international students' of Kaunas municipality in Lithuania reveal their experiences, related to the behaviour of public service officials. For so, the conducted research explores students' socio-demographic characteristics in their relation to experiences while carrying administrative activities. Consequently, the data is being used to support and illustrate the given arguments in how administrative culture distinguishes itself in the migration-related performance field. The main findings from the analysed data support arguments that in those cases when migrant's situation is being addressed, the administrative culture of the host country is admitted to have its own distinctive features. The case study of Kaunas municipality of Lithuania reveals that the immigrant-related administrative culture distinguishes oneself while facilitating such features as (I) restrictiveness in language usage policy which in turn creates obstacles for immigrants to obtain optimal access to information and (II) features of not sufficiently responsive administrative behaviour. Overall, the originality and the value the research gives additional input by revealing in what way administrative culture distinguishes oneself while addressing the immigrants case and at the same time, indicates the scope for public leadership in migrant related public administration activity.

Based on a systematic and comprehensive review of literature on emigration, we identify potential non-economic push factors that might drive Lithuanian citizens to emigrate. Based on a random sample nationwide survey conducted in spring 2019 with Lithuanian citizens living in Lithuania, two categories have emerged as most critical non-economic drivers to lead to higher intention to emigrate: quality of working life and confidence in the future. Further research can add necessary nuance to understanding these factors while also experimenting with possible policy and project interventions that can reduce intent to emigrate and/or encourage return migration. This research is implemented under the project "The importance of non-economic factors to the emigration of the Lithuanian population", funded by the Research Council of Lithuania under the Programme "Improvement of researchers' qualification by implementing world-class R&D projects" (Agreement No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712-01-170).

The research shows that the right to petition is more effective to individual persons compared to other regulations in the field of legislative initiatives. The analysis confirms assumption that citizens have a different conception of right to petition than it is formulated in Lithuania's Law on Petitions. Petitions are perceived as one of the instruments to express their opinion, but not as an instrument of legislative initiatives. This situation requires one of the possible solutions - either to make a regulatory change, or to implement educational programs that enable people to use the right of petition more effectively. The data of work experience of Commission of Petitions in national Parliament shows that legal awareness of applicant is increasing, but also observed a negative trend to abuse a right to petition.

The research shows that the right to petition is more effective to individual persons compared to other regulations in the field of legislative initiatives. The analysis confirms assumption that citizens have a different conception of right to petition than it is formulated in Lithuania's Law on Petitions. Petitions are perceived as one of the instruments to express their opinion, but not as an instrument of legislative initiatives. This situation requires one of the possible solutions - either to make a regulatory change, or to implement educational programs that enable people to use the right of petition more effectively. The data of work experience of Commission of Petitions in national Parliament shows that legal awareness of applicant is increasing, but also observed a negative trend to abuse a right to petition.

The research shows that the right to petition is more effective to individual persons compared to other regulations in the field of legislative initiatives. The analysis confirms assumption that citizens have a different conception of right to petition than it is formulated in Lithuania's Law on Petitions. Petitions are perceived as one of the instruments to express their opinion, but not as an instrument of legislative initiatives. This situation requires one of the possible solutions - either to make a regulatory change, or to implement educational programs that enable people to use the right of petition more effectively. The data of work experience of Commission of Petitions in national Parliament shows that legal awareness of applicant is increasing, but also observed a negative trend to abuse a right to petition.

The research shows that the right to petition is more effective to individual persons compared to other regulations in the field of legislative initiatives. The analysis confirms assumption that citizens have a different conception of right to petition than it is formulated in Lithuania's Law on Petitions. Petitions are perceived as one of the instruments to express their opinion, but not as an instrument of legislative initiatives. This situation requires one of the possible solutions - either to make a regulatory change, or to implement educational programs that enable people to use the right of petition more effectively. The data of work experience of Commission of Petitions in national Parliament shows that legal awareness of applicant is increasing, but also observed a negative trend to abuse a right to petition.

The article discusses the socio-demographic and related characteristics of foreign residents in the work of pre-trial investigation institutions of the Republic of Lithuania. Specific attention is drawn to the victims of crime against the foreigners and to the analysis of criminal offenses that's been comminted by foreign residents, their participation in pre-trial investigation processes. The aim is to address the need for pre-trial investigation institutions of competences and qualification improvement in work with foreigners. The study identifies and discusses general characteristics of foreigners, who has been suspected of having committed an offense addressing the data on age, gender, education, employment, and trends of changes in there aspects in 2008 - 2017 period of time. After reviewing the predominant spectrum of pre-trial investigations of criminal offenses and identifying general characteristics of foreigners suspected and affected by criminal offenses, it is noticedto be a justifying an acquirement of competences and raising of qualifications of pre-trial investigation officers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.18.1.23129

The article deals with organization and administration of activities of Lithuanian courts, their ways and means, which helps to ensure independence of judges and courts from internal and external factors, limiting the possibilities of other powers to interfere in the judiciary. Lithuanian legislation on judicial independence, their change and improvement over the last decades in order to delimit the judiciary from interference of executive power are also investigated in this article. The article also deals with local authorities of courts and public judicial organizations, ensuring the independence of the judiciary, enhancing the prestige of the profession of judges and improving the public opinion. Problems of organization and administration of courts and weaknesses of courts administration are also indicated in the article.

The article deals with organization and administration of activities of Lithuanian courts, their ways and means, which helps to ensure independence of judges and courts from internal and external factors, limiting the possibilities of other powers to interfere in the judiciary. Lithuanian legislation on judicial independence, their change and improvement over the last decades in order to delimit the judiciary from interference of executive power are also investigated in this article. The article also deals with local authorities of courts and public judicial organizations, ensuring the independence of the judiciary, enhancing the prestige of the profession of judges and improving the public opinion. Problems of organization and administration of courts and weaknesses of courts administration are also indicated in the article.

The article deals with organization and administration of activities of Lithuanian courts, their ways and means, which helps to ensure independence of judges and courts from internal and external factors, limiting the possibilities of other powers to interfere in the judiciary. Lithuanian legislation on judicial independence, their change and improvement over the last decades in order to delimit the judiciary from interference of executive power are also investigated in this article. The article also deals with local authorities of courts and public judicial organizations, ensuring the independence of the judiciary, enhancing the prestige of the profession of judges and improving the public opinion. Problems of organization and administration of courts and weaknesses of courts administration are also indicated in the article.

The article deals with organization and administration of activities of Lithuanian courts, their ways and means, which helps to ensure independence of judges and courts from internal and external factors, limiting the possibilities of other powers to interfere in the judiciary. Lithuanian legislation on judicial independence, their change and improvement over the last decades in order to delimit the judiciary from interference of executive power are also investigated in this article. The article also deals with local authorities of courts and public judicial organizations, ensuring the independence of the judiciary, enhancing the prestige of the profession of judges and improving the public opinion. Problems of organization and administration of courts and weaknesses of courts administration are also indicated in the article.