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Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I Preamble -- 1 The Genesis of Modern Medicine -- Contents -- 1.0 Abstract -- 1.1 Hippocrates as `The Father of Medicine' -- 1.2 Galen as `The Second Hippocrates' -- 1.3 Hippocratic Progress in Medicine -- 1.4 Scientific Progress in Medicine -- 1.4.1 `Basic' vs. `Clinical' Contributions -- 1.4.2 Academic vs. Industrial Contributions -- 1.4.3 Epidemiological Contributions -- 1.5 Progress Leading to Fragmentation -- 2 How to Introduce Modern Medicine -- Contents -- 2.0 Abstract -- 2.1 A Paradigm for the Introduction -- 2.2 Implications of the Paradigm -- 2.3 Insufficiency of the Paradigm -- 2.4 Significance of the Paradigm -- 2.4.1 Significance re Content -- 2.4.2 Significance re Process -- Part II General Concepts of Medicine -- 3 General Concepts of the Objects of Medicine -- Contents -- 3.0 Abstract -- 3.1 Health -- 3.2 Illness -- 3.2.1 Illness as Somatic Anomaly -- 3.2.2 Illness as Hidden or Overt -- 3.2.3 The Prevailing Confusion -- 3.3 Sickness -- 3.3.1 Sickness in Health -- 3.3.2 Sickness from Illness -- 3.3.3 Symptoms and Signs -- 3.3.4 Syndrome of Sickness -- 3.3.5 Overview -- 3.4 Disease -- 3.5 Pathogenesis -- 3.6 Etiogenesis -- 3.6.1 The Concept of Etiogenesis -- 3.6.2 Concepts of Causation -- 3.6.3 Microbes as Pseudocauses -- 3.7 Course -- 3.7.1 The Concept of Course of Illness -- 3.7.2 Complication of Illness -- 3.7.3 Outcome of Illness -- 3.7.4 Overview -- 3.8 Risk -- 3.9 Morbidity -- 3.9.1 The Prevailing Confusion -- 3.9.2 Rates of Morbidity -- 3.9.3 Types of Population -- 3.9.4 Rates vis-à-vis Risks -- 3.10 Mortality -- 3.11 Glossary -- 4 General Concepts of Medicine Itself -- Contents -- 4.0 Abstract -- 4.1 Medicine -- 4.1.1 The Essence of Medicine -- 4.1.2 Surgery in Medicine -- 4.1.3 Branches of Medicine -- 4.1.4 Rational Medicine -- 4.1.5 Scientific Medicine.

We study the physical properties of a sample of 6 SMGs in the COSMOS field, spectroscopically confirmed to lie at z>4. We use new GMRT 325 MHz and 3 GHz JVLA data to probe the rest-frame 1.4 GHz emission at z=4, and to estimate the sizes of the star-forming (SF) regions of these sources, resp. Combining our size estimates with those available in the literature for AzTEC1 and AzTEC3 we infer a median radio-emitting size for our z>4 SMGs of (0.63"+/-0.12")x(0.35"+/-0.05") or 4.1x2.3 kpc^2 (major times minor axis; assuming z=4.5) or lower if we take the two marginally resolved SMGs as unresolved. This is consistent with the sizes of SF regions in lower-redshift SMGs, and local normal galaxies, yet higher than the sizes of SF regions of local ULIRGs. Our SMG sample consists of a fair mix of compact and more clumpy systems with multiple, perhaps merging, components. With an average formation time of ~280 Myr, derived through modeling of the UV-IR SEDs, the studied SMGs are young systems. The average stellar mass, dust temperature, and IR luminosity we derive are M*~1.4x10^11 M_sun, T_dust~43 K, and L_IR~1.3x10^13L_sun, resp. The average L_IR is up to an order of magnitude higher than for SMGs at lower redshifts. Our SMGs follow the correlation between dust temperature and IR luminosity as derived for Herschel-selected 0.1=1.95+/-0.26 for our sample, compared to q~2.6 for IR luminous galaxies at z4 SMGs put them at the high end of the L_IR-T_dust distribution of SMGs, and that our SMGs form a morphologically heterogeneous sample. Thus, further in-depth analyses of large, statistical samples of high-redshift SMGs are needed to fully understand their role in galaxy formation and evolution. ; This research was funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework program under grant agreement 337595 (ERC Starting Grant, "CoSMass"). A.K. acknowledges support by the Collaborative Research Council 956, subproject A1, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation.

We study the physical properties of a sample of 6 SMGs in the COSMOS field, spectroscopically confirmed to lie at z>4. We use new GMRT 325 MHz and 3 GHz JVLA data to probe the rest-frame 1.4 GHz emission at z=4, and to estimate the sizes of the star-forming (SF) regions of these sources, resp. Combining our size estimates with those available in the literature for AzTEC1 and AzTEC3 we infer a median radio-emitting size for our z>4 SMGs of (0.63"+/-0.12")x(0.35"+/-0.05") or 4.1x2.3 kpc^2 (major times minor axis; assuming z=4.5) or lower if we take the two marginally resolved SMGs as unresolved. This is consistent with the sizes of SF regions in lower-redshift SMGs, and local normal galaxies, yet higher than the sizes of SF regions of local ULIRGs. Our SMG sample consists of a fair mix of compact and more clumpy systems with multiple, perhaps merging, components. With an average formation time of ~280 Myr, derived through modeling of the UV-IR SEDs, the studied SMGs are young systems. The average stellar mass, dust temperature, and IR luminosity we derive are M*~1.4x10^11 M_sun, T_dust~43 K, and L_IR~1.3x10^13L_sun, resp. The average L_IR is up to an order of magnitude higher than for SMGs at lower redshifts. Our SMGs follow the correlation between dust temperature and IR luminosity as derived for Herschel-selected 0.1=1.95+/-0.26 for our sample, compared to q~2.6 for IR luminous galaxies at z4 SMGs put them at the high end of the L_IR-T_dust distribution of SMGs, and that our SMGs form a morphologically heterogeneous sample. Thus, further in-depth analyses of large, statistical samples of high-redshift SMGs are needed to fully understand their role in galaxy formation and evolution. ; This research was funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework program under grant agreement 337595 (ERC Starting Grant, "CoSMass"). A.K. acknowledges support by the Collaborative Research Council 956, subproject A1, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation.