Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Political, professional and academic circles, as well as the general public, are increasingly using different terms like hybrid threats and hybrid wars in everyday circumstances, describing different phenomena and processes. This trend became more prominent in Europe after the events in Ukraine in 2014, and it has especially been more emphasized since the attack of the Russian regime on Ukraine in 2022. For this reason, the central organisations of the European security architecture – the European Union and NATO, as well as their member states – pay more and more attention to research, conceptualisation and explanation of what different forms of hybrid dangers represent, what their scope is and how to effectively oppose them. This is a necessity because only by adequately addressing the problem and defining key definitions and concepts, the development of appropriate and effective response measures can be achieved. This paper aims to comparatively research and present the development of this area at the level of the European Union and the NATO Alliance, and specifically for Croatia, analyse the use of the relevant terms with a special focus on two terms: hybrid threats and hybrid wars. The first term, because it is the most general and most common hybrid term used, the second because it is the term with the strongest meaning and consequences. The research will represent an addition to the existing body of knowledge and will provide guidelines for the continued development of this field at the policy and academic levels. Also, the research will be significant for other countries and researchers in order to perceive the current status of the situation in the European Union, the NATO Alliance and Croatia as a member state of both organisations, and to be able to compare the challenges and solutions in their countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the crisis that has affected all parts of the world, all industries and business processes, have significantly changed the usual way of life, introduced society to the 'new normal' and imposed the need for crisis management. Many organizations and countries were not ready for the crisis and consequently are suffering great consequences. The aim of this paper is to analyze how Croatia responded to this crisis from the aspect of the existing normative framework for crisis management and the operational solutions in practice, as well as to explore the role of the Government of the Republic of Croatia and its leaders in strategic decision making and interpretation of the crisis, and the extent to which homeland security and civil protection systems were put in function in managing the crisis. As an additional aim, the paper intends to mark a certain number of contradictions, controversies and paradoxes that arose during the crisis, as well as certain observations that can serve for further analysis and elements in the lessons learned process.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the crisis that has affected all parts of the world, all industries and business processes, have significantly changed the usual way of life, introduced society to the 'new normal' and imposed the need for crisis management. Many organizations and countries were not ready for the crisis and consequently are suffering great consequences. The aim of this paper is to analyze how Croatia responded to this crisis from the aspect of the existing normative framework for crisis management and the operational solutions in practice, as well as to explore the role of the Government of the Republic of Croatia and its leaders in strategic decision making and interpretation of the crisis, and the extent to which homeland security and civil protection systems were put in function in managing the crisis. As an additional aim, the paper intends to mark a certain number of contradictions, controversies and paradoxes that arose during the crisis, as well as certain observations that can serve for further analysis and elements in the lessons learned process. ; Pandemija COVID-19 i kriza koja je zahvatila sve dijelove svijeta, sve industrije i poslovne procese, znatno su promijenili uobičajen način života svih ljudi, uveli društvo u "novo normalno" i nametnuli potrebu upravljanja krizom. Mnoge organizacije i države nisu spremne dočekale krizu te imaju velike posljedice. Cilj je ovog rada analizirati kako je Hrvatska reagirala na tu krizu s aspekta postojećega normativnog okvira upravljanja krizama i operativnih rješenja u praksi, istražiti ulogu Vlade Republike Hrvatske i njezinih čelnih ljudi u donošenju strateških odluka i tumačenju krize, kao i utvrditi u kojoj su mjeri korišteni sustavi domovinske sigurnosti i civilne zaštite u upravljanju krizom. Osim toga, cilj je rada zabilježiti određen broj kontradiktornosti, kontroverzija i paradoksa koji su se pojavili tijekom krize, kao i određena zapažanja koja mogu poslužiti za buduće analize i iskustva u procesu učenja.

The book provides the basis, methodological framework, current state, and first comprehensive analysis of the function of the European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection. Current member, and prospective member countries, are discussed as are regional and international partnerships.

Masovne i nekontrolirane migracije, gledajući s pozicije tranzitnih i zemalja odredišta, predstavljaju veliki, često i izuzetno teško savladiv izazov kojeg mnogi akteri promatraju na bitno različite načine, čime se stvara nepotpuna slika o samoj pojavi. Njih danas uzrokuju mješoviti push i pull faktori – od kombinacije ratnih razaranja, etničkih netrpeljivosti, nedostatka javne sigurnosti, klimatskih promjena, neimaštine do traženja svega suprotnog u odnosu na njihovo postojeće stanje i sredinu. Premda države članice Europske unije zbog demografske obnove i nedostatka radne snage trebaju velik broj useljenika, te države, kao ni Unija u cjelini, nemaju spremne učinkovite i provedive strateške planove, razvijene sposobnosti ni kapacitete za prihvat velikog broja migranata, čemu smo bili svjedoci tijekom 2015. i početkom 2016. godine. U ovom radu predmet istraživanja i analize su migracijske politike i odnosi spram migranata od razine Europske unije, preko pojedinih značajnih država članica do zemalja na tzv. Balkanskoj ruti. ; From the position of transit and destination countries, mass and uncontrolled migrations present large and very often insurmountable challenge, which is observed in fundamentally different ways by different actors. Such situation helps creating an incomplete picture of the phenomenon itself. Today, mass migrations are caused by mixed push and pull factors – from the combination of war, ethnic intolerance, the lack of public security, climate change and poverty to those (pull) factors which signify just the opposite to their (migrants') current situation and environment. Although EU member states need large number of immigrants due to demographic and labor shortages, these countries (and the EU) do not possess available, effective and feasible strategic plans, developed skills or the capacity to accommodate a large number of migrants, as we have already witnessed during 2015 and early 2016. The subject of research and analysis in this paper are migration policies and relations towards migrants at the EU level, the level of certain important member states and countries of the so-called Balkan route.