The article examines the emergence and activities of right-wing nationalist parties in Poland, which appealed to the traditions of national democracy by R. Dmowski, during the period of post-communist transformation. Their methods of activity, relations between them and with other political forces, participation in election campaigns, as well as their ideas and political demands are shown. The author analyzes the reasons, why in the 1990s these parties failed to take a strong position on the Polish political scene.
The author discusses EU military missions in Africa carried out within the framework of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. Making reference to five African missions he analyzes the experience generated by these operations and tries to explain to what extent they might have been conducive to further commitment of the EU in crisis management in Africa. In his opinion, in the future the EU will continue to be present in Africa, yet it is hardly to be expected that its missions will qualitatively differ from present operations. ; The author discusses EU military missions in Africa carried out within the framework of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. Making reference to five African missions he analyzes the experience generated by these operations and tries to explain to what extent they might have been conducive to further commitment of the EU in crisis management in Africa. In his opinion, in the future the EU will continue to be present in Africa, yet it is hardly to be expected that its missions will qualitatively differ from present operations.
The article explores the main factors that determine Polish policy towards Ukraine in the long term and also during special military operation. Based on the analysis of Polish sources, the research points out that the Ukrainian direction has never been a priority for Poland, because its main aim is integration into Euro-Atlantic structures. Ukraine is important primarily from the point of view of ensuring the security of the Polish state because its independence and territorial integrity are perceived as a barrier to Russia's "imperial ambitions". The more noticeable impact on Ukraine Moscow exerts, the more resistance it meets from Warsaw. After February 2022 Polish diplomatic efforts were aimed at uniting Western countries to support Ukraine, providing it with military-technical, financial and humanitarian assistance. At the same time Warsaw strives to stay within the framework of the common course of the EU and NATO towards Ukraine and does not try to play an independent role, as it understands the limitations of its resources. Poland intends to use the events in Ukraine to increase its own geopolitical role but only within the Euro-Atlantic coalition.
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on the 15th of October, 2023 and they changed the balance of political forces. The ruling party «Law and Justice» (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość – PiS) did not receive the necessary number of votes to form a government. The power is being transferred to the left-liberal coalition, consisting of the «Civic Coalition», the «Third Way» and the «New Left». In the article, the author made an attempt to investigate the factors that influenced the creation of a new balance of power in the Sejm. For this purpose, the course of the election campaign was studied and party documents, speeches by Polish politicians and experts were analyzed. The author concludes that the main problem for the PiS was not so much its weak result in the elections, as the lack of opportunities to create a government coalition with any of the forces represented in the Sejm. At the same time, the opposition parties were able to mobilize their supporters and rally to remove PiS from power. Their main claims to PiS are related to violations of democracy and the rule of law, and the deterioration of Poland's relations with the European Union. These claims were heard by the majority of voters against the background of the weakening of the position of the PiS due to economic difficulties. The power passes to the coalition, although coalitions further work is likely to be accompanied by disagreements between its constituent parties
