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Mikołajewska Emilia, Mikołajewski Dariusz. Interactive motion-controlled games in the neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke patients. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):311-317. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28856http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28856http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A311-317https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/611577POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-8153ebff-7978-415b-bb64-bd4f39919506Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.07.2015. Revised 21.08.2015. Accepted: 21.08.2015. Interactive motion-controlled games in the neurorehabilitationof adult post-stroke patients Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Dariusz Mikołajewski3,4,5 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland4 Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland5 Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicBydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: neurorehabilitation; physiotherapy; stroke; neurological deficit; therapeutic game. Abstract Despite efforts of scientists and clinicians stroke still constitutes one of the major causes of disability worldwide. Motion-controlled video games become increasingly common adjunct to the traditional physical therapy. Such games are usually available, low-cost, fun, and functional ways to increase everyday treatment possibilities, both in hospital, ambulatory and home settings. Research and scientific publications concerning this issue are still rare. Assessment how interactive motion-controlled games can be incorporated into current guidelines of the eclectic approach within neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke survivors is key issue within contemporary neurorehabilitation of adults. Complementary use of such games may constitute another breakthrough both in in-patient and out-patient rehabilitation and care. This review aims at potential of aforementioned solutions and modalities for the rehabilitation of function in cases of stroke.

Tywoniuk Jarosław, Mikołajewska Emilia. Short-term effect of botulinum toxin a injection on spastic arm function in post-stroke patients – preliminary findings. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):322-325. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28942http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28942http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A318-321https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/611589POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-33a2a1b9-aac1-44c3-9247-62eb6ef514c2Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.07.2015. Revised 21.08.2015. Accepted: 21.08.2015. Short-term effect of botulinum toxin a injection on spastic arm function in post-stroke patients – preliminary findings Jarosław Tywoniuk1, Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3 1 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland2 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicPowstańców Warszawy 585-681 Bydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: neurorehabilitation; physiotherapy; stroke; neurological deficit; therapeutic game, BTX-A. Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite efforts of scientists and clinicians evidences for the effectiveness of post-stroke rehabilitation programmes following BTX-A injection still look weak and unclear.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection on spastic upper limbs muscles.CASE STUDIES PRESENTATION: Six ambulatory post-stroke patients were recruited in this study. All parameters was measured twice: before the injection and after 4±1 weeks of treatment. The participants received the same number of therapeutic sessions (ambulatory physiotherapy: 5 days a week). A significant decrease in the AS/MAS and MRC scores observed after treatment showed improvement.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with BTX-A, initially expensive, may be regarded as effective due to low incidence of side effects, short period of hospitalization (if necessary), and reduction in the use of other drugs/therapies.

Mikołajewska Emilia, Tywoniuk Jarosław. Profile of patients undergoing therapy using botulinum toxin within the late neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke patients. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):318-321. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28934http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28934http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A318-321https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/611586POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-f9b4bd83-e84b-4888-9acb-5b71eb387186Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.07.2015. Revised 21.08.2015. Accepted: 21.08.2015. Profile of patients undergoing therapy using botulinum toxin within the late neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke patients Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Jarosław Tywoniuk2 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicPowstańców Warszawy 585-681 Bydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: neurorehabilitation; physiotherapy; stroke; spasticity; botulinum toxin. Abstract BACKGROUND: Scientists and clinicians still look for satisfactory treatment for post-stroke spasticity, especially within long-term neurorehabilitation. Relatively novel therapeutic method is use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A).OBJECTIVE: Contrary to the previous studies we focused on late post-stroke population. This study aims at showing such patients profiles.CASE STUDIES PRESENTATION: We decribe a convenience sample cases study analysis of six adult patients with post-stroke spasticity (mean time after cerebrovascular accident: 7.5 years) admitted to the neurological rehabilitation ward.CONCLUSIONS: Despite BTX-A is one of the most potent antispastic medications details of its optimal application and effectiveness within long-term naurorehabilitation of adults are still in the process of being confirmed. Current health status, secondary changes and complications, individual therapeutic goals and functional skills expected to achieve in particular case may significantly modify way of the therapy.

Mikołajewska Emilia, Mikołajewski Dariusz. Interactive motion-controlled games in the neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke patients. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):311-317. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28856http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28856http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A311-317https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/611577POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-8153ebff-7978-415b-bb64-bd4f39919506Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.07.2015. Revised 21.08.2015. Accepted: 21.08.2015. Interactive motion-controlled games in the neurorehabilitationof adult post-stroke patients Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Dariusz Mikołajewski3,4,5 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland4 Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland5 Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicBydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: neurorehabilitation; physiotherapy; stroke; neurological deficit; therapeutic game. Abstract Despite efforts of scientists and clinicians stroke still constitutes one of the major causes of disability worldwide. Motion-controlled video games become increasingly common adjunct to the traditional physical therapy. Such games are usually available, low-cost, fun, and functional ways to increase everyday treatment possibilities, both in hospital, ambulatory and home settings. Research and scientific publications concerning this issue are still rare. Assessment how interactive motion-controlled games can be incorporated into current guidelines of the eclectic approach within neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke survivors is key issue within contemporary neurorehabilitation of adults. Complementary use of such games may constitute another breakthrough both in in-patient and out-patient rehabilitation and care. This review aims at potential of aforementioned solutions and modalities for the rehabilitation of function in cases of stroke.

Mikołajewska Emilia, Tywoniuk Jarosław. Profile of patients undergoing therapy using botulinum toxin within the late neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke patients. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):318-321. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28934http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28934http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A318-321https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/611586POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-f9b4bd83-e84b-4888-9acb-5b71eb387186Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.07.2015. Revised 21.08.2015. Accepted: 21.08.2015. Profile of patients undergoing therapy using botulinum toxin within the late neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke patients Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Jarosław Tywoniuk2 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicPowstańców Warszawy 585-681 Bydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: neurorehabilitation; physiotherapy; stroke; spasticity; botulinum toxin. Abstract BACKGROUND: Scientists and clinicians still look for satisfactory treatment for post-stroke spasticity, especially within long-term neurorehabilitation. Relatively novel therapeutic method is use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A).OBJECTIVE: Contrary to the previous studies we focused on late post-stroke population. This study aims at showing such patients profiles.CASE STUDIES PRESENTATION: We decribe a convenience sample cases study analysis of six adult patients with post-stroke spasticity (mean time after cerebrovascular accident: 7.5 years) admitted to the neurological rehabilitation ward.CONCLUSIONS: Despite BTX-A is one of the most potent antispastic medications details of its optimal application and effectiveness within long-term naurorehabilitation of adults are still in the process of being confirmed. Current health status, secondary changes and complications, individual therapeutic goals and functional skills expected to achieve in particular case may significantly modify way of the therapy.

Tywoniuk Jarosław, Mikołajewska Emilia. Short-term effect of botulinum toxin a injection on spastic arm function in post-stroke patients – preliminary findings. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):322-325. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28942http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28942http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A318-321https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/611589POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-33a2a1b9-aac1-44c3-9247-62eb6ef514c2Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.07.2015. Revised 21.08.2015. Accepted: 21.08.2015. Short-term effect of botulinum toxin a injection on spastic arm function in post-stroke patients – preliminary findings Jarosław Tywoniuk1, Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3 1 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland2 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicPowstańców Warszawy 585-681 Bydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: neurorehabilitation; physiotherapy; stroke; neurological deficit; therapeutic game, BTX-A. Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite efforts of scientists and clinicians evidences for the effectiveness of post-stroke rehabilitation programmes following BTX-A injection still look weak and unclear.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection on spastic upper limbs muscles.CASE STUDIES PRESENTATION: Six ambulatory post-stroke patients were recruited in this study. All parameters was measured twice: before the injection and after 4±1 weeks of treatment. The participants received the same number of therapeutic sessions (ambulatory physiotherapy: 5 days a week). A significant decrease in the AS/MAS and MRC scores observed after treatment showed improvement.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with BTX-A, initially expensive, may be regarded as effective due to low incidence of side effects, short period of hospitalization (if necessary), and reduction in the use of other drugs/therapies.

Progress in medical sciences, biomedical engineering and medical robotics provided rehabilitation robots – novel solution regarded as more effective than traditional forms of rehabilitation. Use of rehabilitation robots, despite they are at the beginning of their development, is wide discussed from medical, social, economical and ethical points of view. Paper aims at analysis the extent to which current possibilities in this area are exploited, including chances and threats.

Disorders of consciousness belong to the most severe impairments, especially in patients with neurological deficits. Scientists look for novel solution making the breakthrough in contemporary approaches to aforementioned patients. Article aims at assessment of medical, social, economical and ethical result of introduction brain-computer interfaces to the diagnosis and therapy in patients with disorders of consciousness.

Dzięgielewski Piotr, Mikołajewska Emilia, Goch Aleksander. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in post-stroke patients. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):302-306. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28813http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28813http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A302-306https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/611442POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-c640c258-b48f-4520-b83d-179a1f592c1bFormerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.07.2015. Revised 21.08.2015. Accepted: 21.08.2015. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in post-stroke patients Piotr Dzięgielewski1, Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Aleksander Goch1,4 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń4 Cardiology and Cardiosurgery Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicPowstańców Warszawy 585-681 Bydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: neurorehabilitation; physiotherapy; stroke; neurological deficit; brain edema; hyperbaric oxygen therapy; HBOT; neuroprotection; neurotherapeutic effect. Abstract Stroke is regarded as the major cause of brain damage, chronic neurological impairments, functional deficits, and long-term disability worldwide. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) might be taken into consideration as relatively novel method for brain repair. This article aims at analysis the extent to which the available ooprtunities are being exploited, including limitations associated with therapeutic use of HBOT in the therapy of post-stroke patients. Despite HBOT constitutes promising method in post-stroke patients further research is needed to better define the role of HBOT in the therapy of post-stroke patients.

Dzięgielewski Piotr, Mikołajewska Emilia, Goch Aleksander. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in post-stroke patients. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):302-306. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28813http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28813http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A302-306https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/611442POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-c640c258-b48f-4520-b83d-179a1f592c1bFormerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.07.2015. Revised 21.08.2015. Accepted: 21.08.2015. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in post-stroke patients Piotr Dzięgielewski1, Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Aleksander Goch1,4 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń4 Cardiology and Cardiosurgery Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicPowstańców Warszawy 585-681 Bydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: neurorehabilitation; physiotherapy; stroke; neurological deficit; brain edema; hyperbaric oxygen therapy; HBOT; neuroprotection; neurotherapeutic effect. Abstract Stroke is regarded as the major cause of brain damage, chronic neurological impairments, functional deficits, and long-term disability worldwide. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) might be taken into consideration as relatively novel method for brain repair. This article aims at analysis the extent to which the available ooprtunities are being exploited, including limitations associated with therapeutic use of HBOT in the therapy of post-stroke patients. Despite HBOT constitutes promising method in post-stroke patients further research is needed to better define the role of HBOT in the therapy of post-stroke patients.

Mikołajewska Emilia, Komendziński Tomasz, Dreszer Joanna, Bałaj Bibianna, Mikołajewski Dariusz. Role of toys in the development of healthy infants. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(4):219-223. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.16845http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%284%29%3A219-223https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/554832http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16845Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.03.2015. Accepted: 10.04.2015. Role of toys in the development of healthy infants Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Tomasz Komendziński3,4, Joanna Dreszer3,4, Bibianna Bałaj3,4, Dariusz Mikołajewski3,5,6 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń4 Department of Cognitive Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland5 Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki Universit, Bydgoszcz, Poland6 Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicBydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: rehabilitation; development; gesture; toy use; parent–child interaction; Abstract Developmental outcomes in infants can be significantly improved thanks to promising use of approapriate toys. Objective assessment of their positive influence to functional achievements in healthy infants may completely change attitude to new generation of toys, developing motor, cognitive, and social skills. Despite advances in toys assessment their true influence remains incomplete. This study aims at assessment how current knowledge and experience influences principles of the toys selection and use in healthy infants.

Mikołajewska Emilia, Komendziński Tomasz, Dreszer Joanna, Bałaj Bibianna, Mikołajewski Dariusz. Role of toys in the development and rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(4):224-228. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.16864http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%284%29%3A224-228https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/554863http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16864Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.03.2015. Accepted: 10.04.2015. Role of toys in the development and rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Tomasz Komendziński3,4, Joanna Dreszer3,4, Bibianna Bałaj3,4, Dariusz Mikołajewski3,5,6 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń4 Department of Cognitive Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland5 Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki Universit, Bydgoszcz, Poland6 Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicBydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: rehabilitation; physiotherapy; developmental disorders; toy use; parent–child interaction; patient-therapist relationship. Abstract Developmental disorders (called also developmental disabilities) are disorders beginning before age 18 and characterized by delay of developmental skills expected to achieve in particular age or developmental stage. Every effort toward new ways of intervention is precious, and achievement of the therapeutical success still constitutes tru challenge. This study aims at assessment how toys can be incorporated into principles of the eclectic approach toward therapy of children with developmental disabilities.

Mikołajewska Emilia, Komendziński Tomasz, Dreszer Joanna, Bałaj Bibianna, Mikołajewski Dariusz. Role of toys in the development of healthy infants. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(4):219-223. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.16845http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%284%29%3A219-223https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/554832http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16845Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.03.2015. Accepted: 10.04.2015. Role of toys in the development of healthy infants Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Tomasz Komendziński3,4, Joanna Dreszer3,4, Bibianna Bałaj3,4, Dariusz Mikołajewski3,5,6 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń4 Department of Cognitive Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland5 Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki Universit, Bydgoszcz, Poland6 Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicBydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: rehabilitation; development; gesture; toy use; parent–child interaction; Abstract Developmental outcomes in infants can be significantly improved thanks to promising use of approapriate toys. Objective assessment of their positive influence to functional achievements in healthy infants may completely change attitude to new generation of toys, developing motor, cognitive, and social skills. Despite advances in toys assessment their true influence remains incomplete. This study aims at assessment how current knowledge and experience influences principles of the toys selection and use in healthy infants.

Mikołajewska Emilia, Komendziński Tomasz, Dreszer Joanna, Bałaj Bibianna, Mikołajewski Dariusz. Role of toys in the development and rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(4):224-228. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.16864http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%284%29%3A224-228https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/554863http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16864Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.03.2015. Accepted: 10.04.2015. Role of toys in the development and rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Tomasz Komendziński3,4, Joanna Dreszer3,4, Bibianna Bałaj3,4, Dariusz Mikołajewski3,5,6 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń4 Department of Cognitive Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland5 Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki Universit, Bydgoszcz, Poland6 Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicBydgoszcz, Polande-mail: e.mikolajewska@wp.pl, emiliam@cm.umk.plwww: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: rehabilitation; physiotherapy; developmental disorders; toy use; parent–child interaction; patient-therapist relationship. Abstract Developmental disorders (called also developmental disabilities) are disorders beginning before age 18 and characterized by delay of developmental skills expected to achieve in particular age or developmental stage. Every effort toward new ways of intervention is precious, and achievement of the therapeutical success still constitutes tru challenge. This study aims at assessment how toys can be incorporated into principles of the eclectic approach toward therapy of children with developmental disabilities.