Suchergebnisse

O srebrnjaku od 5 kuna iz godine kovanja 1934. pisalo se u više navrata te je o njemu donijeto nekoliko, katkad oprečnih, zaključaka. Izvorni dokumenti iz Beograda, dostupni u obliku mikrofilmova u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu, rasvjetljavaju mnoge pojedinosti o djelovanju Ustaškoga pokreta u Italiji kojemu je bio cilj uvođenje novčane jedinice "kune" (koja se trebala dijeliti na 100 banica). Odredbe Glavnoga ustaškoga stana objavljene 1934. godine govore o razlozima uvođenja navedenih naziva, opisuju kovanice od 5 kuna, donose tečajnu listu u odnosu na glavne svjetske valute onoga doba, ali i točno određuju koliku plaću u kunama trebaju dobiti dužnosnici, dušobrižnici te vojni i upravni časnici. Zaključuje se da su kovanice doista izdane 1934. godine, ali ne kao uspomena na atentat na kralja Aleksandra, nego kao prvi korak k uvođenju nove valute, najprije u redove Ustaškoga pokreta, a zatim, u tada još nedefiniranoj budućnosti, u Hrvatsku. Dokumenti, s druge strane, potvrđuju da se s tim novcem, bez obzira na detaljne upute, nije provodila nikakva kupoprodaja i nisu se uistinu isplaćivale plaće u kunama, nego su kovanice kupovali članovi Ustaškoga pokreta kao uspomenu. Daljnju izradu kuna i banica spriječila je reakcija Italije koja je nakon atentata na kralja Aleksandra internirala Antu Pavelića, a kasnije i onemogućila rad cjelokupne ustaške organizacije. ; Writers about the 5 kuna silver coin, minted in 1934, drew different conclusions, some of them contradictory. The original documents kept in Belgrade, accessible on microfilm in the Croatian State Archives, shed light on many details of the activities of the Ustasha Movement in Italy aimed at actually introducing the "kuna" monetary unit (which was to be divided in 100 "banicas"). The Ustasha Headquarters published provisions in 1934 about the reasons for introducing the above names. These provisions also described the 5 kuna coin, brought a list of exchange rates with the main world currencies of the time, and laid down the exact pay in kunas for officials, priests and military and administrative officers. The conclusion is that the coins really had been minted in 1934, not to commemorate the assassination of King Aleksandar but as the first step towards introducing the new currency, first among members of the Ustasha Movement and then, in the as yet undefined future, in Croatia itself. On the other hand, documents confirm that no purchases or sales were made using this money and, despite the detailed instructions, salaries were not in fact paid in kunas, but members of the Ustasha Movement bought the coins as souvenirs. The further production of kunas and banicas was prevented by Italy's reaction to the assassination of King Aleksandar, when Ante Pavelić was interned and later the activities of the whole Ustasha organisation banned.

Rad razmatra povijesna, simbolička i ideološko-politička obilježja motiva i likova na papirnatom novcu koji je stavljen u optjecaj tijekom hiperinflacije u Mađarskoj 1945.-1946. godine. Daje se povijesni kontekst i navode uzroci mađarske hiperinflacije, opisuju se novčanice koje su se nalazile u optjecaju, a neko su vrijeme važile dvije paralelne valute (pengö i adópengö). Osobita pozornost pridaje se pojavi kvazihrvatskih natpisa na nekim novčanicama. Zaključuje se da je početna teza o razbijanju kulturno-povijesnoga slijeda novčane simbolike i ikonografije djelomično potvrđena jer je, bez obzira na lošu materijalnu situaciju koja je uvjetovala proizvodnju novih novčanica, nastavljena već uspostavljena tradicija uporabe mađarskih pučkih motiva koji povezuju prve novčanice penga iz 1926. godine i poslijeratne novčanice forinte sve do 1980-ih. Nadalje, bez obzira na jezično iskrivljene hrvatske natpise, određeni broj novčanica treba smjestiti u kontekst hrvatske numizmatike jer su na simboličkoj razini bile priznanje kulture i povijesti hrvatske nacionalne manjine u Mađarskoj. ; The paper discusses historical, symbolical, ideological and political characteristics of motifs and individuals that were depicted on Hungarian paper money in the period of hyperinflation of 1945-1946. In the introductory part the paper gives a historical context and discusses the causes of the Hungarian hyperinflation, then describes the banknotes that were put into circulation in the given period, including the so called ''tax pengö'' which served as a parallel currency for a limited time period. Particular attention is given to the distorted Croatian inscriptions found on some banknotes. It is concluded that the initial hypothesis about the break in the cultural and historical continuity in symbolism and iconography on the banknotes is only partially confirmed, because in spite of the lack of production material that impeded the printing of new banknotes, the already established tradition of the use of Hungarian folk motifs (that appear on paper money from 1926 to 1980ies) on banknotes was continued. Furthermore, in spite of the distorted and incorrect Croatian banknote values given on the back of some of the banknotes, the said banknotes need to be included in the context of the Croatian numismatics, because on a symbolic level the inscriptions in the Croatian language presented the recognition of history and culture of the Croatian national minority in Hungary.