Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Contents -- Transboundary Water Cooperation for Sustainable Development of the Sava River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background of Cooperation -- 2.1 General Characteristics of the Basin -- 2.2 The Need for a Balanced Approach to Development -- 2.3 The Need for an International Framework for Cooperation -- 3 Legal and Institutional Framework for Cooperation -- 3.1 Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin -- 3.2 International Sava River Basin Commission -- 4 Approach to Cooperation -- 4.1 The Scope of Cooperation -- 4.1.1 River Basin Management -- 4.1.2 Flood Management -- 4.1.3 Accident Prevention and Control -- 4.1.4 Information Exchange and Management -- 4.1.5 Rehabilitation and Development of Navigation -- 4.1.6 Development of River Tourism -- 4.1.7 Promotion of Cooperation -- 4.2 Key Features of the Approach -- 4.2.1 Cohesiveness -- 4.2.2 Integrated Nature -- 4.2.3 Alignment with the UNECE and EU Regulations and Strategies -- 4.2.4 Complementarity with the Processes on the Danube Basin Level -- 4.2.5 Pragmatism and Practicality -- 4.2.6 Educative Character -- 4.3 Challenges and Obstacles -- 4.4 Vision of the Future Cooperation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Climate Change Impact on Flood Hazard in the Sava River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hydrological Model of the Sava River Watershed -- 3 Data Transformation for Hydrological Forecasts of Climate Change Impacts -- 4 Results of Climate Change Modelling -- 5 Climate Change Impact on Probability of Flood Peaks -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Climate Projections for the Sava River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Role of Global Climate Models in Impact Assessment -- 1.2 The Dynamical Downscaling: Regional Climate Models -- 1.3 The Uncertainty Cascade -- 1.4 Bias Correction of RCM Simulations -- 2 The Data.

AbstractDue to its fibrous structure and high water holding capacity, rock mineral wool (RMW) has boosted the development of hydroponics. Consequently, the amount of waste RMW has also increased tremendously, which has stimulated the research and development of RMW reuse options. In this study, composting and degradability of RMW from hydroponics (gRMW) were tested in combination with different ratios of biowaste compost, including physical and chemical properties of the starting and final materials, and potential ecological hazards of the final product. gRMW had high water holding capacity and low organic matter content, which was easily degradable. Limits of toxic elements according to EU regulation were not exceeded. Degraded gRMW mixtures with compost did not exhibit toxicity to plants or aquatic bacteria and showed intermediate or limited habitat function for earthworms, which preferred the sole gRMW not mixed with compost. Overall, degraded gRMW exhibited parameters of safe soil amendment.

Classic (polybromodiphenyl ethers, PBDEs) and emerging halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) such as decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and halogenated norbornenes, as well as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were analysed in 52 sediments and 27 fish samples from three European river basins, namely the Evrotas (Greece), the Adige (Italy) and the Sava (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia). This is the first time that FR levels have been reported in these three European river basins. The highest contamination was found in the Adige and Sava rivers, whereas lower values were obtained for the Evrotas. The levels in sediment samples ranged between 0.25 and 34.0 ng/g dw, and between 0.31 and 549 ng/g dw, for HFRs and OPFRs respectively. As regards levels in fish, concentrations ranged between 9.32 and 461 ng/g lw and between 14.4 and 650 ng/g lw, for HFRs and OPFRs, respectively. Thus, whereas OPFR values were higher in sediments, similar concentrations (in the Evrotas) and even lower concentrations than HFRs (Sava) were found for OPFRs in the fish samples, indicating the lower bioaccumulation potential of OPFRs. Biota to sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were calculated and higher values were obtained for HFRs compared to those assessed for OPFRs. © 2017 The Author(s) ; This work was funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the Globaqua project (No. 603629), and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups 2014 SGR 418 -Water and Soil Quality Unit). The authorswould like to thanks Nicoleta A. Suciu (Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza) for her contribution in statistical analysis. ; Peer reviewed

Fish samples of different species (i.e. rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), barbel (Barbus barbus) and European chub (Squalius cephalus)) were collected from the Sava River Basin for a preliminary investigation of the levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs and PFAS as a whole. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs, in terms of pg WHO-TEQ/g ww, were below the maximum limit established at the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1259/2011. On the contrary, when DL-PCBs were also included, levels increase up to 11.7 pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+DL-PCBs/g ww in a particular case, with two samples out of a total of ten exceeding the maximum set at this EU Regulation and the EQS established at the European Directive regarding priority substances in the field of water policy (0.0065 ng WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+DL-PCBs/g ww). A similar trend was also observed for NDL-PCBs, whit the same two samples, from the lower stretch of the river basin, exceeding the maximum limit allowed at the EU Regulation (125 ng/g ww). For PBDEs, levels found in all the samples exceeded the EQS (0.0085 ng/g ww) up to more than a thousand times and 40% of the samples presented PFOS values above the EQS. Data from this study were compared to values reported at the literature for fish from other geographical areas. © 2018 ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Communities 7th Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 603629-ENV-2013-6.2.1-GLOBAQUA and Grant Agreement No. 603437-ENV-2013-SOLUTIONS projects. This work was also funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups 2017 SGR 1404 - Water and Soil Quality Unit). M. Llorca wants to acknowledge her Juan de la Cierva – Incorporación research fellowship (JdC-2014-21736) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. J. Parera is also grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for a Juan de la Cierva – Formación research fellowship (FJCI-2015-26722). Appendix A ; Peer reviewed