Suchergebnisse

Emphasizing neoliberalism as a triumph of free market and unregulated capitalism, critics point out that the global financial crisis has undermined the legitimacy of neoliberalism. It is, therefore, very important to investigate whether there is a clear correlation between the normative recommendations of neoliberal theory and political and economic changes in the market economies in recent decades. Elementary insight into economic developments during the previous decades shows that there is a correspondence between the neoliberal ideas and the trajectory of many market economies, but also clear discrepancies between neoliberal theory and political and economic practices. Neoliberalism exists in articulation with the actors and institutions. Context is important because it implies variation, path dependency, and discrepancy in terms of processes and results. The main conclusion of this paper is that only if we perceive neoliberalism as socially embedded can we speak of neoliberalism as a political-economic doctrine, economic and political practice, and a process of economic transformation and establish a connection between them. ; Ističući neoliberalizam kao trijumf slobodnog tržišta, odnosno neregulisanog kapitalizma, kritičari ističu da je globalna finansijska kriza potkopala legitimitet neoliberalizma. Zato je veoma važno istražiti da li postoji jasna korelacija između normativnih preporuka neoliberalne teorije i političkih i ekonomskih promena u tržišnim privredama u proteklih nekoliko decenija. Elementarni uvid u ekonomska kretanja tokom poslednjih decenija pokazuje da postoji određeno podudaranje između neoliberalnih ideja i trajektorije mnogih tržišnih privreda u ovom periodu, ali i jasne diskrepance između neoliberalne teorije i političke i ekonomske prakse. Neoliberalizam egzistira u artikulaciji sa akterima i institucijama. Kontekst je važan zato što implicira različitost, zavisnost puta i nepodudarnost u pogledu procesa i rezultata. Osnovni zaključak rada je da jedino, ukoliko neoliberalizam posmatramo kao društveno ukorenjen, možemo da govorimo o neoliberalizmu kao političko-ekonomskoj doktrini, ekonomsko-političkoj praksi i procesu ekonomske transformacije i da ustanovimo vezu između njih.

The goal of our study is to explain the concept of sustainable development, its significance for the environmental functioning and political controversies hindering the path to the sustainable development of the entire biosphere. Our presentation will include not only a theoretical definition of sustainable development but also the practical consequences resulting from the conflict of proponents of unrelenting and unbound economic and technological development on the one hand, and the environmentalists, on the other hand. The consequences of this conflict reflect in economic, social, political and other dimensions which are almost revolutionary in their content and significance all over the world and along the course of civilization. Our paper comprises the explanation of these processes, the seek for the forms of their manifestation and their influence to the life of a common man. This also includes the research of globalization process, disintegration of sovereignty and independence of states and the influence of other political and economic factors to the idea and practice of environmental protection as well as the process of sustainable development. We shall clarify those tendencies in the field of environmental protection which dominate worldwide, whereas we must point out the difference between the underdeveloped and developed countries. ; Predmet rada je objašnjenje pojma održivog razvoja, njegovog značaja za funkcionisanje životne sredine i političkih kontroverzi vezanim za prepreke koje stoje na putu održivom razvoju celokupne biosfere. Pored teorijskog određenja održivog razvoja, razmatraju se i praktične posledice koje nastaju iz sukoba pobornika neumitnog i ničim sputanog ekonomskog i tehnološkog razvoja, na jednoj, i boraca za zaštitu životne sredine, na drugoj strani. Posledice ovog sukoba ogledaju se kroz ekonomske, socijalne, političke i druge dimenzije koje su u svetskim razmerama i civilizacijskom hodu gotovo revolucionarne po sadržaju i značaju. Predmet rada obuhvata objašnjenje ovih procesa, traganje za pojavnim oblicima njihovog ispoljavanja i njihov uticaj na život običnog čoveka. To obuhvata i istraživanje procesa globalizacije, rastakanja suvereniteta i nezavisnosti država i uticaju drugih političkih i ekonomskih faktora na ideju i praksu zaštite životne sredine i proces održivog razvoja. Razmatraju se i tendencije u oblasti zaštite životne sredine koje dominiraju u svetskim okvirima, pri čemu se ukazuje na razlike između bogatih i siromašnih država.

There are various forms of attacks against the fiscal interests of the state, which, according to the current legislation, are gaining the character of criminal offences. In some states, there is a tendency of increase in number of fiscal criminal offences, which is the result of multiplication of illegal activities aiming at avoidance of payment of fiscal revenues. Changes in the development of state finances lead also to changes in the field of incriminations - over time some of them disappear and the others emerge. This phenomenon disturbs the allocation of revenues in relation to the goals set by the society. This creates difficulties in accurate defining of economic sizes necessary for determining the economic policy, that is, for implementing the adequate economic measures and instruments. It reduces, in some cases even drastically, the state revenues. Besides, given that this phenomenon pervades the entire economy, it prevents bearers of the economic policy from getting the accurate picture of what is happening in the national economy. Fiscal crime is a phenomenon that has various consequences, both on the fiscal plan (because planned resources do not arrive in the budget) and the socio-political plan (because it violates the principle of horizontal equity), and behaviors that are directed towards the avoidance of tax payment often violate some social values, which must cause an appropriate reaction - either on moral or legal grounds. ; Postoje raznovrsni oblici napada na fiskalne interese države koji, prema pozitivnom zakonodavstvu, dobijaju karakter krivičnih dela. U nekim državama prisutna je tendencija povećanja broja fiskalnih krivičnih dela, što je odraz sve većeg umnožavanja nezakonitih radnji s ciljem da se izbegne plaćanje fiskalnih prihoda. Promene u razvoju državnih finansija dovode i do promena u oblasti inkriminacija, tako što vremenom neke od njih odumiru, a druge nastaju. Ova pojava remeti raspodelu dohodka u odnosu na ciljeve koje društvo želi da ostvari. To stvara teškoće u vezi sa tačnim definisanjem veličina nužnih za određivanje ekonomske politike, odnosno za sprovođenje odgovarajućih privrednih mera i instrumenata. Ona smanjuje, u nekim slučajevima čak drastično, prihode državnog fiskusa. Osim toga, pošto ova pojava prožima celokupnu ekonomiju, ona sprečava nosioce ekonomske politike da imaju tačnu sliku o tome šta se događa u nacionalnoj privredi. Fiskalni kriminalitet predstavlja fenomen koji ima raznovrsne posledice, kako na fiskalnom planu (jer u budžet ne pristižu planirana sredstva), tako i na socijalno-političkom (jer ugrožava princip horizontalne pravičnosti), a ponašanja koja su usmerena na to da se porez ne plati često narušavaju neke društvene vrednosti, što mora da povuče odgovarajuću reakciju - bilo na moralnom, bilo na pravnom terenu.

Speaking about economic liberalism which has taken direction towards the concept of free trade and towards the doctrine connected with it about laissez-faire, one shall have in mind that it focused all its strength towards removing all economic barriers which have grown inside and between the countries on one side, and towards the fight against all forms of organizations from antique societies up to new syndicates on the other side. It conformed the most to economic giants, because providing them with the possibility of free competition in which bigger and stronger can equally freely overrun weaker and smaller. Although economic liberalism experienced the strongest strikes after the First World War by Fascism and Communism, it managed to recover in the second half of the XX century and to come back in a new form, in which powerful have even more power to use it cruelly, as they usually always have, to run over weaker - in this case national economies. ; Govoreći o ekonomskom liberalizmu u XX i na početku XXI veka, koji se usmerio na koncept slobodne trgovine i s njom povezano učenje o laissezfaire, treba imati na umu da je on svu snagu usmerio na rušenje ekonomskih barijera koje su rasle unutar zemalja i između njih, s jedne, i na borbu protiv svih oblika organizacija od antičkih društava do novih sindikata, s druge strane. On je najviše odgovarao ekonomskim gigantima, jer im je pružao mogućnost slobodne konkurencije u kojoj veći i jači jednako slobodno može da pregazi slabijeg i manjeg. Mada je ekonomski liberalizam doživeo krizu nakon Prvog svetskog rata, i to od strane fašizma i komunizma, on je ipak uspeo da se u drugoj polovini XX veka, oporavi i da se vrati u jednoj novoj formi, u kojoj moćnici imaju još veću moć i u kojoj nemilosrdno, kako je to uostalom uvek i bilo, gaze slabije - u ovom slučaju nacionalne ekonomije srednje razvijenih i nerazvijenih država.

The goal of our study is to explain the concept of sustainable development, its significance for the environmental functioning and political controversies hindering the path to the sustainable development of the entire biosphere. Our presentation will include not only a theoretical definition of sustainable development but also the practical consequences resulting from the conflict of proponents of unrelenting and unbound economic and technological development on the one hand, and the environmentalists, on the other hand. The consequences of this conflict reflect in economic, social, political and other dimensions which are almost revolutionary in their content and significance all over the world and along the course of civilization. Our paper comprises the explanation of these processes, the seek for the forms of their manifestation and their influence to the life of a common man. This also includes the research of globalization process, disintegration of sovereignty and independence of states and the influence of other political and economic factors to the idea and practice of environmental protection as well as the process of sustainable development. We shall clarify those tendencies in the field of environmental protection which dominate worldwide, whereas we must point out the difference between the underdeveloped and developed countries. ; Predmet rada je objašnjenje pojma održivog razvoja, njegovog značaja za funkcionisanje životne sredine i političkih kontroverzi vezanim za prepreke koje stoje na putu održivom razvoju celokupne biosfere. Pored teorijskog određenja održivog razvoja, razmatraju se i praktične posledice koje nastaju iz sukoba pobornika neumitnog i ničim sputanog ekonomskog i tehnološkog razvoja, na jednoj, i boraca za zaštitu životne sredine, na drugoj strani. Posledice ovog sukoba ogledaju se kroz ekonomske, socijalne, političke i druge dimenzije koje su u svetskim razmerama i civilizacijskom hodu gotovo revolucionarne po sadržaju i značaju. Predmet rada obuhvata objašnjenje ovih procesa, traganje za pojavnim oblicima njihovog ispoljavanja i njihov uticaj na život običnog čoveka. To obuhvata i istraživanje procesa globalizacije, rastakanja suvereniteta i nezavisnosti država i uticaju drugih političkih i ekonomskih faktora na ideju i praksu zaštite životne sredine i proces održivog razvoja. Razmatraju se i tendencije u oblasti zaštite životne sredine koje dominiraju u svetskim okvirima, pri čemu se ukazuje na razlike između bogatih i siromašnih država.

Speaking about economic liberalism which has taken direction towards the concept of free trade and towards the doctrine connected with it about laissez-faire, one shall have in mind that it focused all its strength towards removing all economic barriers which have grown inside and between the countries on one side, and towards the fight against all forms of organizations from antique societies up to new syndicates on the other side. It conformed the most to economic giants, because providing them with the possibility of free competition in which bigger and stronger can equally freely overrun weaker and smaller. Although economic liberalism experienced the strongest strikes after the First World War by Fascism and Communism, it managed to recover in the second half of the XX century and to come back in a new form, in which powerful have even more power to use it cruelly, as they usually always have, to run over weaker - in this case national economies. ; Govoreći o ekonomskom liberalizmu u XX i na početku XXI veka, koji se usmerio na koncept slobodne trgovine i s njom povezano učenje o laissezfaire, treba imati na umu da je on svu snagu usmerio na rušenje ekonomskih barijera koje su rasle unutar zemalja i između njih, s jedne, i na borbu protiv svih oblika organizacija od antičkih društava do novih sindikata, s druge strane. On je najviše odgovarao ekonomskim gigantima, jer im je pružao mogućnost slobodne konkurencije u kojoj veći i jači jednako slobodno može da pregazi slabijeg i manjeg. Mada je ekonomski liberalizam doživeo krizu nakon Prvog svetskog rata, i to od strane fašizma i komunizma, on je ipak uspeo da se u drugoj polovini XX veka, oporavi i da se vrati u jednoj novoj formi, u kojoj moćnici imaju još veću moć i u kojoj nemilosrdno, kako je to uostalom uvek i bilo, gaze slabije - u ovom slučaju nacionalne ekonomije srednje razvijenih i nerazvijenih država.

The issues of nationalism, ethnic affiliation and political myths related to them continue to represent an inexhaustible sociological, political science and security issue in the 21st century in the same way as in the previous century. In their complex nature these issues appear as topics of many debates and interpretations, but these debates are often ideological in their contents. This is also confirmed by the interpretations of the events at the end of 20th century when the Balkan part of Europe became an area of the collapse of law and order, the creation of new states and alliances, national and religious extremism, ethnic conflicts and ethnic cleansing, as well as the incapability of the UN to solve the bloody local conflicts. This paper attempts to show the roots of nationalism and national conflicts in the Western Balkan political area in the course of the last decade of the last century. At the same time the field of analysis is directed towards the functional dimension of political myths and stereotypes in the subsequent political consolidation of newly created national identities explained at the examples of nationalism and antinationalism within the context of origination of synthetic nations at the territory of the former Yugoslavia. ; Pitanja nacionalizma, etničke pripadnosti i političkih mitova u vezi s njima, u XXI, kao i u prethodnom veku, predstavljaju neiscrpnu sociološko-politikološku i bezbednosnu temu. Zbog svoje kompleksne prirode, ta pitanja se javljaju kao predmet brojnih rasprava i tumačenja, no, te rasprave često imaju ideološki sadržaj. To potvrđuju i tumačenja događaja pred kraj prošlog veka, kada je balkanski deo Evrope postao prostor sloma zakona i poretka, nastanka novih država i saveza, nacionalnog i verskog ekstremizma, etničkih sukoba i 'etničkog čišćenja', kao i nesposobnosti UN da reše krvave lokalne konflikte. U radu se nastoji ukazati na korene nacionalizma i nacionalnih konflikata u zapadnobalkanskom političkom prostoru tokom poslednje decenije minulog veka. Istovremeno, polje analize se usmerava ka funkcionalnoj dimenziji političkih mitova i stereotipa u naknadnoj političkoj konsolidaciji novo-nastalih nacionalnih identiteta ekspliciranih na primerima nacionalizma i antinacionalizma u kontekstu nastajanja sintetičkih nacija na prostoru bivše Jugoslavije.

The subject of quantitative research is to examine the factors influencing citizens' attitudes towards assisting vulnerable people and volunteering during natural disasters. In this paper, the authors examine the relationship between gender, age, level of education, marital status, employment, income level and perception of personal religiosity, and the attitudes to assisting vulnerable people and volunteering. Multiple-point random sampling was used to survey 2500 citizens in the area of 19 local communities endangered by the consequences of natural disasters. The results of the survey show that 29% of respondents would provide assistance to vulnerable people in the form of money, 18,2% in the form of food and water, 21,6% in clothing and footwear, 23,3% would volunteer, while 4,6% would engage in shelter centers for endangered people. In addition, it was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between the attitudes towards providing assistance in the form of money and the employment status. As well as, attitudes about volunteering and provision of food and water assistance are not related to the employment status of respondents, etc. The results of the research can be used to improve the management system in natural disasters and to create appropriate educational programs for establishing a more efficient and comprehensive system of assistance to vulnerable people and the operation of volunteer organizations.

Kun's The structure of the scientific revolutions triggered the avalanche of criticism and represents the most conducive and most critical work of the sixties until the eighties of the twentieth century in which the problems of understanding scientific knowledge are discussed. The development of science was understood as a gradual process during which the stages of normal science and scientific revolutions are being shifted. Boldly, by introducing new concepts in the history of philosophy of science, he has received many opponents, but also many followers. In this paper, we tried to present Kun's understanding of the progress in the science and criticism of his greatest opponents, with a reference to the scientific revolutions in social sciences. We also tried to answer the question of whether the scientific revolutions have been depleted and what is happening with the objectivity of science.