Suchergebnisse

Ralph Waldo Emerson inspired generations of Americans to take the here and now of their particular New World lives as the occasion to claim and rejuvenate their European cultural inheritance. Adapting a Wordsworthian Romanticism to the broader horizons of North America, and to the explicitly democratic thinking of the new republic, Emerson demonstrated how a host of "self-reliant" individuals could add up to a new kind of society. Nature is the authority to which every person, potentially, can appeal for insight, and a collective founded on Nature had to be something new and true. Could things go astray? Indeed. And Emerson painfully noted all the ways in which one's faculties are not up to the task. But he retained his fundamental faith that revelation means looking at the world with fresh eyes. -Dr. Bruce Greenfield

Peacekeeping mitigates killing, but nonlethal violence also influences both positive peace and stability. We evaluate peacekeepers' effect on one such type of abuse, sexual violence. We posit that peacekeepers raise the cost of abuses and foster institutional and cultural changes that curb violence. We find that missions both reduce the chance of any violence and limit its prevalence; larger deployments and multidimensional missions are more effective. Governments curtail violence more quickly than rebels do in response to military contingents; rebels are especially responsive when missions include large civilian components. These findings contribute to our understanding of peacekeeping in three primary ways: we expand the evaluation of peacekeeping to consider nonlethal violence; we draw attention to mission size, capacity to use force, and civilian-led programming as determinants of effectiveness; and we demonstrate how addressing nonlethal violence requires similar tools as lethal violence but is further enhanced by specific civilian-led initiatives.