Suchergebnisse

Introduction to making sense of numbers -- Foundational concepts for quantitative research -- Topic and conceptualization -- Measurement -- Context -- Working with tables -- Working with charts and visualizations -- Comparison values, contrast sizes, and standards -- Numbers, comparisons, and calculations -- Distributions and associations -- Bias -- Causality -- Uncertainty of numeric estimates -- Communicating quantitative research -- The role of research methods in making sense of numbers.

SummaryThis study examines the effects of birth order and interpregnancy interval on birthweight, gestational age, weight-for-gestational age, infant length, and weight-for-length in a sample of 2063 births from a longitudinal study in the Philippines. First births are the most disadvantaged of any birth order/spacing group. The risks associated with short intervals (<6 months) and high birth order (fifth or higher) are confined to infants who have both attributes; there is no excess risk associated with short previous intervals among lower-order infants, nor for high birth order infants conceived after longer intervals. This pattern is observed for all five birth outcomes and neonatal mortality, and persists in models that control for mother's age, education, smoking, family health history and nutritional status. Since fewer than 2% of births are both short interval and high birth order, the potential reduction in the incidence of low birthweight or neonatal mortality from avoiding this category of high-risk births is quite small (1–2%).

SummaryThis analysis examines the relationship between length of preceding birth interval and risk of intrauterine growth retardation using data on Swedish infants from the 1973 World Health Organization study of perinatal mortality. Results of a multivariate logit analysis demonstrate that the lower than average mean birth weight of infants born after short birth intervals cannot be completely attributed to their shorter mean gestation length. Infants born after birth intervals of 12 months or less are 30% more likely to be small for gestational age (SGA) than infants born 18–59 months after the previous birth, even when the effects of maternal age and parity are controlled. The results obtained here do not support maternal depletion as an explanation for the association between short birth intervals and elevated risk of SGA, since there is no evidence of an attenuation of the risk of SGA with increasing length of interval in the under 18 month birth interval range.

Scholar Amar Wahab, co-editor of the Journal of Indentureship and Its Legacies, interviews British High Commissioner to Guyana, Jane Miller, OBE, about her perspectives on LGBT human rights in Guyana. They discuss issues related to the legacies of the colonial regulation of gender and sexuality, the inclusion of diverse identities, and collaboration with LGBT activist organizations in Guyana.