Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Prologue: Defending Amelia Norman -- 1. I Am Murdered -- 2. Jersey Maid and Damn Yankee -- 3. Go and Get Your Living -- 4. An Awful Place -- 5. A Great Heart -- 6. The Trial Begins -- 7. Verdict -- 8. The Law of Seduction -- Epilogue: Harlot's Fate -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix: Lydia Maria Child's "Letter from New-York No. V" -- Abbreviations -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index

Children of accident and mystery : foundlings in history and memory -- New York as a nursing mother : foundlings in the antebellum city -- The murder of the innocents : New York discovers its foundlings -- The basket at the door : the foundling asylums open -- Out-Heroding Herod : the foundlings and the revolutionary -- The end of the foundling asylums -- Conclusion : the foundling disappears--almost

Résumé Dans les années 1850, la ville de New York fit face à une croissance du nombre d'enfants abandonnés. À la recherche de solutions, les responsables municipaux prirent l'hospice des enfants abandonnés de Londres comme modèle. Le fait que cette dernière institution concentrait son action sur la récupération des femmes perdues les séduisait, car cela faisait écho à leur perception angoissée de la situation à New York, qui, selon eux, se transformait en une « ville d'étrangers » où l'ordre social explosait. Un de ces responsables, Isaac Townsend, estimait même que les fameux programmes musicaux et artistiques de l'hospice londonien élevaient le niveau moral et culturel des habitants de la capitale anglaise. Il espérait reprendre ces programmes culturels dans l'asile des enfants abandonnés que la ville de New York projetait de construire. New York construisit effectivement un hospice, nommé Infant's Home et rattaché au Nursery and Child's Hospital. Celui-ci, ainsi que trois autres institutions du même type (le New York Infant Asylum, le New York Foundling Asylum et le Randall's Island Infant Hospital), ouvrit après la guerre de Sécession. Mais il s'avéra impossible de se conformer totalement aux méthodes du modèle londonien. La décentralisation de la politique d'aide sociale, la séparation des Églises et de l'État aux États-Unis, la concurrence entre protestants et catholiques, les tensions entre les immigrants et les mouvements nativistes, les combinaisons politiques, la difficulté de trouver des nourrices autour de New York, et même le désintérêt des New-Yorkais pour les arts, furent autant d'éléments qui expliquèrent cette incapacité. Ainsi, malgré son héritage londonien, New York géra la question des enfants abandonnés selon des logiques qui reflétaient des sensibilités locales et nationales propres vis-à-vis de l'assistance aux pauvres, de la religion, de la politique, et ceci, en définitive, aboutit à un écart net par rapport au modèle londonien.

As health professionals, nurses have an obligation to be actively involved in leading policy changes that improve health. As Policy Entrepreneurs, nurses can advocate for stronger policies to address countless public health concerns by applying the Multiple Streams Framework approach. In this article, the authors explain the concept of policy entrepreneurship, describe the purpose of their quality improvement project involving the reduction of motor vehicle crashes in a rural, Midwest community in the United States, and then discuss process considerations and project outcomes. They also summarize and interpret the outcomes, share the project limitations and facilitators, and conclude that the Multiple Streams Framework approach is an effective process for nurses to use in bringing about change. They note that in accomplishing their goal, which involved merging a community problem, community policy, and community political streams, they created a new nursing role, specifically that of a Nurse Policy Entrepreneur (NPE). Implementing this role enabled them to gain judicial approval for a teen-driver-offender policy change to make their community a safer place.

While adoptions in general are highly successful, families do experience disappointment and disruption, outcomes that may be reduced by provision of post‐adoption services. Studies show that adoptive parents request a variety of services, yet few demonstration projects have been done to evaluate their effectiveness. In this paper, we recognize the predominance of attachment theory in post‐adoptive services and identify alternative approaches that may have a better fit with the needs and preferences identified by families. We also identify service adaptations for adoptive families that may amplify the power of existing service programs.

To promote the financial capabilities of student loan borrowers, practitioners must understand the experiences and needs of borrowers across the life course. A national survey ( n = 1,874) conducted by MIT AgeLab explored perceived loan-related effects across the life course and sources of advice for borrowers. Across age groups, repaying student loans had most regularly imposed negative perceived effects on multiple domains of borrowers' financial well-being. Younger borrowers reported more negative perceived effects of loans across domains, whereas older borrowers reported fewer negative perceived effects. Few participants had sought professional advice about student loan repayment, although younger borrowers were more likely to have sought loan-related advice in general; perceived levels of helpfulness of advice and comfort consulting with contacts were mixed. Financial social work is uniquely situated to act as a resource for multiple generations of student loan borrowers and their families.

This study provides a contemporary evaluation of 10 different forms of remarriage preparation. Utilizing a subsample of 303 remarried couples from a larger study of newlyweds, we report usage of remarriage preparation and perceived helpfulness as well as differences in dyadic adjustment between respondents who did or did not prepare. Those who participated in some form of preparation generally found it helpful. The majority of those who did not prepare felt it was unnecessary. Differences in dyadic adjustment varied by the form of preparation. Implications for scholars, practitioners, and policy makers include the need for more research‐based materials that counter popular stepfamily myths as well as resources that can be made available to the public through mediums that are trusted and commonly accessed.

The balance between economic growth and wildlife conservation is a priority for many governments. Enhancing realism in assessment of population‐level impacts of anthropogenic mortality can help achieve this balance. Population Viability Analysis (PVA) is commonly applied to investigate population vulnerability, but outcomes of PVA are sensitive to formulations of density‐dependence, environmental stochasticity and life history. Current practice in marine assessments is to use precautionary models that assume no compensation from density‐dependence or rescue‐effects via "re‐seeding" from other colonies. However, if we could empirically quantify regulatory population processes, the responses of populations to additional anthropogenic mortality may be assessed with more realism in PVA. Using Bayesian state‐space models fitted to population time series from three sympatric seabird populations, selected for varied life histories, we inferred the extent to which their dynamics are driven by environmental stochasticity and density‐dependence. Based on these inferences, we conducted an exhaustive PVA across credible parameterizations for intrinsic and extrinsic population regulation, simulated as a closed and re‐seeded system. Scenarios of anthropogenic mortality, along a sliding scale of precaution, were applied both proportionally and as a fixed quota using Potential Biological Removal (PBR). Baseline results from fitting revealed clear environmental regulation in two of our three species. Crucially, we found that for our empirically derived, realistic model parameterizations there are risks of decline to real populations even under very precautionary mortality scenarios. We find that PBR is dubious in application as a sustainable tool for population assessment when we account for regulation. Closed versus re‐seeded models showed a large divergence in outcomes, with sharper declines in closed simulations. Fixed‐quota mortality typically induced greater population declines comparative to proportional mortality, subject to regulation and re‐seeding. Synthesis and applications. Practitioners using arbitrary formulations of population regulation risk over‐precaution (economic constraint) or under‐precaution (endangering populations). The demands of increased economic development and preservation of wildlife require that methodologies apply techniques that confer reality and rigour to assessment. The current practice of employing models lacking density‐dependence and empirical environmental information imposes limitations in the efficacy of estimating impacts. Here, we provide a method to quantify the conditions that predominantly regulate a population and exacerbate the risk of decline from anthropogenic mortality. It is in the interests of both developers and conservationists to apply methods in population impact assessments that capture realism in the processes driving population dynamics.

ABSTRACTSince 1980, a mobile program has delivered dental care to 14 different long‐term care facilities that care for frail and functionally dependent older persons. These facilities lie within a 60‐mile radius of the University of Iowa College of Dentistry.This paper reports comparisons between characteristics of users versus nonusers of dental care in the program. Of the 853 residents in the long‐term care facility who were screened, it was determined that 66% would benefit from some type of dental care. When the residents and their families were approached for treatment permission, 48% of those recommended permitted treatment; treatment was completed on 38% of those persons recommended for treatment. No differences were observed in the distribution or diagnoses of major medical problems for the users versus nonusers of care. Recommended treatment was similar for users and nonusers in nursing homes. The majority of non‐users refused treatment because they or their families did not perceive a need for dental care.

Using salivary inflammatory markers as a noninvasive biomonitoring technique within natural social contexts has become increasingly important to link social and biological responses. Many studies have associated circulating cytokines to distinct aspects of physical activity and social/emotional behavior; however, they have not been linked to success and failure in a naturalistic setting for military personnel performing tasks. In this study, salivary cytokines were studied in a group of fifteen Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC; 14 males, 1 female) subjects performing three mock hostage rescue missions, designed to prompt responses associated with baseline, success, and failure. Each subject completed the tasks of the mission individually and again in randomly assigned teams. Participants were outfitted via direct skin contact with comfortable external Zephyr™ sensors to monitor heart rate, breathing rate, and activity while completing each task. Saliva samples were collected before and after the completion of each mission, and cytokine levels were quantified using enzyme-labelled immunoassay (ELISA) beads. These biomarkers were used to describe the body's immune response to success and failure when performing a mock rescue mission individually and in a team. All measured cytokine levels increased following failed missions performed individually, compared to cytokine levels associated with successful missions. When completing the tasks as a team, there were no significant differences in cytokine response between success and failure; however, being in a team stimulated an increased pre-mission cytokine response, suggesting the concept of teamwork and performing with peers for the first time had a more significant impact than the notion of failing. Additionally, none of the cytokines tested for individual missions correlated to physical activity markers (heart rate, breathing rate, activity) measured during performance. These results indicate a potentially new noninvasive method of determining ...

Acknowledgements Funding was provided by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) [grant number NE/M017990/1] and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) [grant numbers MARE -UIDB/04292/2020 and UIDP/04292/2020]. Remotely-sensed data were supplied by the NERC Earth Observation Data Acquisition and Analysis Service (NEODAAS) and the Copernicus Marine Service. Permission to track birds was provided by the Tristan da Cunha Government (Gough Island), the Falkland Islands Government (permit R09/2016, Kidney Island), the Região Autónoma dos Açores (permit 84/2016/DRA, Corvo), and Orkney Islands Council and BTO (Eynhallow). Logistical support was provided by the RSPB, FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology and South African National Antarctic Programme (Gough Island), the South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (Kidney Island), and Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves (Corvo). Stefan Schoombie, José Pedro Granadeiro and Ewan Edwards provided raw GPS data to inform movement parameters used in the shearwater GLS data analysis and Rob Ronconi, Alex Bond and Gail Davoren provided advice on the study design. Support for NOFU loggers and analysis was provided through the SEATRACK project http://www.seapop.no/en/seatrack/, funded by the Norwegian Ministries of Climate and Environment, and Foreign Affairs and the Norwegian Oil and Gas Association. We are very grateful to Captain Antonio Gatti and the crew of the RRS Discovery, the many fieldworkers who deployed/recovered the GLS tags and Igor Belkin, who generously provided constructive advice on the study design and manuscript. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF