Suchergebnisse

No abstract available. ; No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 107, 2006: 149-158

This article extends the work of Miller and Monge (1987) by proposing that cultural and role variables within organizations will predict the extent to which individuals hold a collective or individualistic approach to organizational life. This model begins by describing two contrasting models of organizational participation and allocation. One of these models is characterized by collective participation, learning, and communication, with equity as a driving allocational principle. The second model is characterized by individual participation, learning, and communication, with outcome maximization as a driving allocational principle. Research on allocation and participation is explored to investigate possible variables that would point to a preference for the individual or collective model. Two organizational culture variables and two organizational role variables are proposed as important moderators. The two models are then tested on subgroups formed on the basis of these moderators, and the theoretical import of these models is discussed.

In this dissertation I approach international development ethnographically as an ongoing fact of life for its subjects in the Hunza Valley of Northern Pakistan. Development in this context is not only a top-down project or set of institutions but as an arena for individual and collective critical and ethical engagement with a set of material possibilities and moral ideals. Through ethnographic examinations of particular ethical practices of giving or sharing labor in the context of the village, neighborhood and religious community; seeking education; and producing locality in the context of material heritage, I explore the ongoing, active negotiation of diverse temporalities, agencies, demands and possibilities associated with development. These practices offer sites to address questions central to the anthropology of ethics, including questions of freedom and reproduction; ethical subjects and their relations with others; and the temporality of ethical orientations. Seeing development as a structure of interaction between agencies (NGOs, governments, donors) and subjects. Such a perspective allows development to be seen as multiple projects rather than one and opens up the space to see what happens 'in the meantime' of development; to see it as a lived and changing set of relations between diverse external and internal agencies

No abstracts available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 93, 2003: 471-476 ; No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 93, 2003: 471-476

OBJECTIVE: To explore physician experiences with medical assistance in dying (MAID). DESIGN: An exploratory qualitative research approach using thematic analysis. SETTING: Six communities in northwestern Ontario. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three physicians who perform, refer patients for, or are otherwise affected by MAID. METHODS: One semistructured focus group and one-to-one interviews, transcribed and analyzed thematically. MAIN FINDINGS: The legislation of MAID added a layer of complexity to the work of physicians in northwestern Ontario, as MAID requires physician leadership, knowledge, time, and careful implementation. Four themes were identified from the interviews that unpacked this additional layer of complexity: relationships, motivation, time and resources, and getting others on board. CONCLUSION: The logistics of health care delivery in northwestern Ontario communities are complex and layered, which contributes to the burden of physicians as they work to provide MAID.

BACKGROUND: Options available to Canadians at the end of life increased with the legalization of medical assistance in dying (MAiD). Bill C-14 modified the Canadian Criminal Code allowing individuals who meet very specific criteria to receive a medical intervention to hasten their death. June 2019 marked 3 years since the legislation has changed and while met with favour from most Canadians who believe it will provide enhanced options for quality of life at the end of life, there remains much debate over both its moral implications and practical components. Little is known regarding the Canadian healthcare provider experience with MAiD, in particular in rural and remote parts of the country such as northwestern Ontario. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore physicians' experiences in Northwestern Ontario with MAiD. The geographic location of this study is of particular significance as physicians in rural and remote parts of Canada face unique challenges in the provision of high-quality palliative and end-of-life services. This qualitative research focused on developing a better understanding of physicians' perceptions and practices with MAiD, in particular regarding access, decision-making, provision of service and role clarity. METHODS: The researchers employed an exploratory qualitative research approach, using 1 semi-structured focus group and 18 semi-structured interviews comprising 9 set of questions. Data were collected through audio-taped semi-structured interviews, in person and by telephone. FINDINGS: Four distinct but interconnected themes emerged from thematic analysis of the transcripts of the focus group and interviews: physician perception of patient awareness, appreciation and understanding of MAiD; challenges providing true choice at end of life; burgeoning relationships between palliative care and MAiD; and physician recommendations. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a snapshot of the Northwestern physician experiences with MAiD and contribute to the growing body of ...

Burnout is an often-cited danger of human service work, and emotional communication is one of the most important causes of burnout in such jobs. In this paper, we review theoretical work on emotional communication and burnout, concentrating on the Empathic Communication Model of Burnout (Miller, Stiff, & Ellis, 1988). We then argue that a consideration of job involvement, organizational role, and attitude regarding service recipients could enhance the extent to which this model constitutes a complete understanding of the burnout process. We pose several research questions and one hypothesis regarding the role of these variables in affecting the fit of the Empathic Communication Model and test them with a sample of workers who provide services to the homeless. The results of our research provide support for a modified version of the Empathic Communication Model and suggest that the moderating variables of job involvement, organizational role, and attitude about service recipients influence the impact of various portions of the model in explaining burnout.

Homelessness in today's urban centers poses a problem of huge proportions. Increasingly, the homeless and the urban dilemma are intertwined. Cause and effect are blurred as the needs of the homeless confront and affront while shaping urban policy. Because of the diverse nature and needs of the American homeless population, individual organizations are not able to provide the range of services necessary for survival on the street and long-term recovery off the street. The authors present a grounded theory study of coordination and communication in the provision of service to the urban homeless. They begin by reviewing theoretical perspectives on communication and coordination in interorganizational relationships. They then consider this literature in light of the urban homelessness context.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Understanding nightmares (NM) and disturbing dreams (DD) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been limited by the unpredictability of these events and their nonappearance in the sleep laboratory. This study used intensive, longitudinal, ambulatory methods to predict morning reports of NM/DD in veterans in whom chronic, severe PTSD was diagnosed. METHODS: Participants were 31 male United States military veterans engaged in residential treatment for PTSD and participating in a service animal training intervention. Participants slept on mattress actigraphs and provided reports of momentary mood, as well as morning NM/DD reports, for up to 6 weeks. Mattress actigraphy provided sleep-period heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and an actigraphic estimate of sleep efficiency. On one night, a respiratory event index (REI) was obtained using an ambulatory system. RESULTS: A total of 468 morning reports were obtained, of which 282 endorsed NM/DD during the prior night, and 186 did not. After accounting for multiple predictors, only elevated REI and lower prior-night sleep RSA predicted morning endorsement of NM/DD. These two predictors did not interact. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated REI and lower sleep period RSA were independently predictive of NM/DD. The former result is consistent with studies showing that sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a factor in NM/DD, and that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce these symptoms in patients with comorbid PTSD and SDB. The latter result implicates dysregulated arousal modulation during sleep in trauma-related NM/DD. It is consistent with findings that NM/DD are reported in patients without SDB and can persist in patients with comorbid PTSD and SDB even when CPAP successfully remediates SDB. CITATION: Miller KE, Jamison AL, Gala S, Woodward SH. Two independent predictors of nightmares in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14(11):1921–1927.