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We Americans, collectively, have suddenly been burdened with a world responsibility for which neither our past experience nor our present values equip us very well. Less than two centuries after our, country was but a collection of remote colonies it has become a superpower upon whom all the old colonial powers depend. Less than twenty years after perhaps a majority of Americans supported the isolationist position against involvement in World War II, the United States is the center of history's most far-reaching peacetime alliance.This alliance which America leads includes both colonial powers and recently-freed colonies, bitter enemies and close allies from the last war, dictatorships and democracies. It comprises nations upon whose loyalty we know we can depend and others about whose intentions we feel nervous. And since the alliance itself is both complex and ambiguous, America's role in it must be complex and ambiguous too.

At a recent conference on "ethics and nuclear weapons" a moral theologian established succinctly and precisely, on the basis of Catholic teachings, that nuclear weapons are immoral. Though he granted that it is often necessary to do evil in order to do good, and though he alluded to the historic teaching. that, in the course of a just- war, it may be necessary incidentally to cause the death of innocent persons, he did not find in these rules sufficient justification for the use of major nuclear weapons;