Suchergebnisse

This paper identifi es the main issues of public service broadcasters (PSBs) in six countries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) in the period between 2010 and 2017, using a traditional literature review approach and document analysis. The analysis confi rmed that PSBs in the region share the following (largely intertwined) issues: substantial fi nancial problems; attempts to solve their diffi cult fi nancial situations by competing with private commercial broadcasters, resulting in extensive broadcasting of entertainment content at the expense of public interest content; continuous pressure from state and political elites, resulting in editorial dependence and politically biased news content; problems adjusting to the new technological environment and delays in digitalization. These issues arise (also) from some common characteristics of the wider media and social context in the region, such as small advertising markets and potential, a lack of tradition in terms of independent countries and democracies, and positive perceptions of market forces and deregulation compared to political interference.

Regulacija ili samoregulacija internetskih medija jedna je od ključnih dilema za suvremene digitalne medije i njihovu politiku djelovanja. To uključuje nove digitalno posredovane gatekeepere kao što su društveni mediji. Privatna pravila posrednika, poput "uvjeta korištenja" i politike sadržaja, u velikoj mjeri definiraju njihovo funkcioniranje i mogu se smatrati samoregulativnim mehanizmom. Internetski se posrednici sve više pozivaju da se uključe u izradu pravila korištenja i donošenje odluka o sadržaju. U ovom radu autori se fokusiraju na Twitter kao na jedan od najvećih i najznačajnijih internetskih izvora vijesti. Uvjeti korištenja i ostali dokumenti Twittera analiziraju se kao alati samoregulacije i kao kontekst unutar kojeg individualni korisnici i masovni mediji funkcioniraju, odnosno moraju funkcionirati u suvremenom digitalnom okruženju. Autori također promatraju kako je Twitter primijenio taj samoregulativni okvir u dva važna slučaja. ; The regulation or self-regulation of online media is one of the key dilemmas of contemporary digital media and policy environment. This includes the new digital intermediary gatekeepers such as social media. The private rules of intermediaries, such as their 'terms of service' and content policies, importantly define their functioning and are sometimes thought of as self-regulatory mechanisms. Online intermediaries are increasingly being called upon to engage in codes of conduct or decisions about content. We focus on Twitter as one of the largest and most relevant new gatekeepers because of its use as source of news. The terms and other documents of Twitter are analysed as tools of self-regulation, and as the context within which the individual users and mass media (must) function in today's digital environment. We also look at how Twitter has applied this framework in two high profile cases.

The goal of this study is to explore the Right to Be Forgotten (RTBF) as a specific legal aspect of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) within the context of digital journalism and related media policy issues. We address this issue in cases where requests have been made to unpublish news items or other (visual) content from online media archives because they contain embarrassing, irrelevant and/or outdated, yet truthful content. To do this, we researched the editorial policies of five Slovenian online news media outlets in their responses to such unpublishing requests. First, we reviewed regulation and key legal decisions and then used in-depth semi-structured interviews with editors of these outlets. Our research showed that unpublishing requests from 2018 and 2019 cite or imply the RTBF as having an EU-wide legal basis, yet the media outlets analyzed have not established clear internal policies. This opens the door to inconsistent and/or arbitrary decisions. The legal foundations for unpublishing online news items are vague and, at least in Slovenia, subject to opposing interpretations which might lead to new restrictions on media freedom. To avoid additional potential for the manipulation of media, both legal and self-regulatory frameworks need to be updated and clarified.

This paper analyses policies and regulation addressing net neutrality in Slovenia. It traces them from their bold beginnings in 2012 to their harmonisation with prevailing trends and practices in the European Union, following the enactment of EU rules on net neutrality in 2016. The study, based on qualitative document analysis and supplemented by interviews with stakeholders, showed that Slovenia was not successful in advocating stronger EU net neutrality safeguards. The rules of the single digital market within the EU with the limited subsidiarity of member states made it impossible to apply the original Slovenian legal safeguards. This indicates a reduced potential of nation states to advocate their communication policy objectives within the EU framework on one hand, and their ability to infl uence EU policymaking by encouraging a quicker common response with independent action on the other. Further research is required into the potential re-evaluation and extension of the concept of net neutrality, to address the full extent of discriminatory treatment of internet traffi c, not limited solely to networks.

Background/Aim. Promotion of oral health in military population is not only a significant component of general health, but also of the military readiness and represents the strategic orientation of each country. The basic task of military dentistry is to provide oral health of military personnel and to enable their operational readiness at the optimal level. The aim of the study was to assess the periodontal condition in Serbian military population using the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), and the influence of general life habits and local risk factors on periodontal health. Methods. This prospective cross-sectional pilot study was conducted on 101 examinees at the mean age of 38.94 ± 11.63 years who had dental check-ups at the Dental Clinic of the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade. All the categories of military personnel aged 20-64 years were divided into five groups. The frequency distribution of general and local factors on periodontal health, oral hygiene index, and the assessment of the mean number of sextants by CPITN compared to age were examined. Results. The examinees at the age of 51-60 years had the best oral hygiene index (0.95 ± 0.65), whereas the oldest population had the worst (1.63 ± 0.42). Only one person (5.6%) at the age group of 51-60 years had a completely healthy periodontium. Observed in relation to the age groups, the mean values of sextants increased linearly, but in general population, the most frequent CPITN categories were in sextant with the periodontal pockets 4-5 mm (score 3). Conclusions. Compared to the results from other countries shown by the World Health Organization, the periodontal condition in our examinees is below the average. The appropriate preventive program preparation and its implementation are needed, including primarily the appropriate training on oral hygiene, as well as education based on periodontal disease prevention and treatment.