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AbstractThe protective restriction of children moving into adulthood has attracted growing attention among the public and experts. This article ethnographically explores how China's suburban teachers practice a selective restriction to help children mature properly. It demonstrates that while educators work to mitigate students' concrete contact with the adult environments, they also inculcate students with the harsh realities of the adult world. It contends that educators' paradoxical attitudes are closely related to the transitional view of childhood in contemporary Chinese society. Consequently, this ideal childhood with appropriate maturity has become a delicate status to achieve and—more importantly—not to overdo.

This article discusses the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on China's foreign aid provision by analysing the ensuing transformation and challenges. With regard to transformation, impacts are evident in the increased significance of this aid in China's overall diplomatic project, the changes in development financing arrangements, the long-term vision in planning infrastructure engagement, and the shift towards multilateral cooperation and soft aid programmes. While the BRI has reshaped China's foreign aid in many aspects, the initiative has also posed challenges to the organisation and delivery of aid. The lack of transparency and the fragmented institutional arrangement of China's foreign aid are likely to limit the effectiveness of its aid engagement abroad. The rapid increase in lending to developing countries also raises the debt trap issue and discourse. Moreover, China faces challenges in engaging in partnerships with civil society groups and local communities in the host countries where "soft" programmes of cultural exchange and people-to-people connections are made. The article argues that the BRI is a double-edged sword, representing new opportunities for China's foreign aid while also posing challenges. (China / GIGA)

China officially ended its one-child policy effective from 1 January 2016. Yet the effects of the relaxation of birth control policy have been limited thus far. Largely relying upon policy incentives, China's policymakers also face pressure to take more direct measures to boost fertility rate. Whether the Chinese government is able to balance the needs of the nation and the citizens' private rights remains a big question mark.

Aktiv psychische Kausalität gilt als eine außergewöhnliche Form des deliktsrechtlichen Kausalzusammenhangs. In den Verfolgungs-, Rettungs- oder Grünstreifenfällen, welche die typischen Fallgruppen des vorliegenden Untersuchungsgegenstands bilden, erweist sich die Prüfung der haftungsbegründenden Kausalität oft als schwierig. Die richterrechtliche »Herausforderungsformel« findet zwar auf eine Zahl von den Fällen der psychisch vermittelten Kausalität Anwendung, ihre Merkmale, dogmatischer Standort sowie Anwendungsbereich aber bleiben umstritten. Um die Herausforderungsformel zu einem handhabbaren Kriterium zu machen, ist die aktiv psychische Kausalität zunächst von den andersartigen Formen des Kausalverlaufs infolge psychischer Vermittlung zu unterscheiden. Als neuer Lösungsweg ist das Kriterium der Pflichtverletzung dort empfehlenswert, wo die Herausforderungsformel versagt. / »Active Psychical Causality in Tort Law« -- Active psychical causality is an extraordinary sort of causation in tort law. In cases of chase, rescue and »green stripe« the causality is viewed as a complicated problem. It is recommended, that the rule of challenge and the criterion of breached obligation be applied in their respective scopes

The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a grave global public health emergency. Nowadays, social media has become the main channel through which the public can obtain information and express their opinions and feelings. This study explored public opinion in the early stages of COVID-19 in China by analyzing Sina-Weibo (a Twitter-like microblogging system in China) texts in terms of space, time, and content. Temporal changes within one-hour intervals and the spatial distribution of COVID-19-related Weibo texts were analyzed. Based on the latent Dirichlet allocation model and the random forest algorithm, a topic extraction and classification model was developed to hierarchically identify seven COVID-19-relevant topics and 13 sub-topics from Weibo texts. The results indicate that the number of Weibo texts varied over time for different topics and sub-topics corresponding with the different developmental stages of the event. The spatial distribution of COVID-19-relevant Weibo was mainly concentrated in Wuhan, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. There is a synchronization between frequent daily discussions on Weibo and the trend of the COVID-19 outbreak in the real world. Public response is very sensitive to the epidemic and significant social events, especially in urban agglomerations with convenient transportation and a large population. The timely dissemination and updating of epidemic-related information and the popularization of such information by the government can contribute to stabilizing public sentiments. However, the surge of public demand and the hysteresis of social support demonstrated that the allocation of medical resources was under enormous pressure in the early stage of the epidemic. It is suggested that the government should strengthen the response in terms of public opinion and epidemic prevention and exert control in key epidemic areas, urban agglomerations, and transboundary areas at the province level. In controlling the crisis, accurate response countermeasures should be formulated following public help demands. The findings can help government and emergency agencies to better understand the public opinion and sentiments towards COVID-19, to accelerate emergency responses, and to support post-disaster management.

The aging population is China's most daunting challenge of the coming decades and has brought about profound consequences for Chinese society. Drawing upon the ethnographic work conducted in Guangzhou city from 2020 to 2023, the present study aims to show some most recent development regarding intergenerational reciprocity among older adults' aging experience in urban China. The ethnographic accounts reveal the emergence of a concept termed "self-reliant elders" (省心老人), which represents a departure from traditional cultural norms that emphasize grandchild care as the primary source of psychological and economic well-being for the elderly. Instead, these individuals prioritize independence in their later years and actively seek alternatives to family care, such as engaging in social activities and pursuing employment, to maintain a sense of being cared for and to uphold their self-worth. Concurrently, they also invest efforts in fostering harmonious relationships with younger generations through family-oriented activities and online communication. As China faces the challenges posed by its aging population, it becomes crucial to implement practical measures that enhance access to elderly care resources and support the self-reliance of older adults in order to address the emerging trend of aging.

Social public welfare practice is an important way to realize the goal of practical education in colleges and universities. Through a survey of 439 university students in Beijing, the results in this study showed that university students' intention to participate in social public
welfare practice was influenced by perceived value, behavioral attitude, and perceived behavioral control, and was not affected by subjective norms. Behavioral attitude and perceived behavioral control played a mediating role between perceived value and intention to participate. These findings
extend the research perspective to the field of social welfare and have the potential to promote the development of social welfare practice activities for university students.