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Abstract
This article challenges traditional approaches to inter-state relations and reinforces the actor-specific nature of foreign policy analysis. Using individual decision-making theory based on the personalities of key political actors, this article proposes a case study on the foreign policy decision outcome by Tanzania's President Jakaya Kikwete, in response to the 2013 diplomatic row with Rwanda. Tanzania's relations with Rwanda have historically been cordial. However, President Kikwete's proposal for Rwanda to negotiate with the rebel group Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Rwanda (FDLR) at the African Union Summit in Addis Ababa in 2013 was not well received by Rwanda. The FDLR is a Hutu rebel outfit based in Eastern DRC, consisting of surviving Hutus who had fled into DRC, after the 1994 genocide. This article argues that in view of the diplomatic row that ensued, Kikwete's response supports current theories on the role played by a key political actor's personality in the foreign policy decision-making process.

AbstractThe popularity of unity governments to settle both internal political divisions and outright conflict has grown in the last 20 years. However, more often than not unity governments fail to mitigate the political dynamics baked into the political economies and suffer from being insufficiently anchored in local society. The Government of National Unity (GNU) in Zanzibar, formed in 2010 as the culmination of the 'maridhiano' political reconciliation process and following numerous attempts at reconciliation led to initial successes, is a case in point. Zanzibar's GNU turned out to be 'position' rather than 'power' sharing, constitutionalised through a hybrid format of the politics of continuity and collusion. As such the position sharing system broke down when voters in the 2015 election sought neither continuity nor collusion, but transformational change of governance. This was in turn blocked by veto actors in favour of continuity, resulting in the collapse and discontinuation of the GNU in Zanzibar.

Introduction: Peacebuilding in contemporary Africa / Kenneth Omeje -- The peacebuilding and development debate : is contemporary peacebuilding development in disguise? / Mala Mustapha & Usman A. Tar -- Peacebuilding in micro-level inter-community conflicts in West Africa : examples from Ghana and Nigeria / Afua Boatemaa Yakohene -- Marginalization and violent conflict in the Karamoja region of Uganda / Tony Karbo -- Peacebuilding in micro-level inter-community conflicts : examples from selected countries in southern Africa / Pamela Machakanja and Chupicai Manuel -- Peacebuilding in Sierra Leone one and half decades after the civil war : at what stage does a country cease to be post-conflict? / Ibrahim Bangura -- The task of rebuilding Liberia / T. Debey Sayndee -- Conflict intervention, insecurity and the challenges of peacebuilding in South Sudan / Nicodemus Minde -- Boko Haram insurgency, terrorism and the challenges of peacebuilding in the Lake Chad basin / Usman A. Tar and Bashir Bala -- Obstacles to peace and security in North Africa / Ibrahim Bangura and Sampson Lau -- Peacebuilding through peace education in the Horn of Africa : a transformative cosmopolitan perspective / Yonas Adaye Adeto -- Transiting from armed conflict to peace in contemporary Africa : changing tides, research findings and future directions / Kenneth Omeje