Ethnology of religion, a new branch of religious studies, is only at the phase of its formation at the present stage. Every nation, according to its natural right, has its native land, native language and native faith (spirituality, culture, tradition). This book: Lozko Halyna «Ethnology of religion. Scientific articles» (Mykolaiv: Ilion, 2023. – 372 pages) contains current scientific articles on the ethnology of religion by Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Нalyna Lozko. The author believes: the division of mankind into ethnic groups, peoples, nations, races – is a natural form of human existence. The book is addressed to scientists, philosophers, theologians, ethnologists, teachers and students, as well as a wide range of readers who are interested in the relationship between ethnos and religion.
It is shown that the war unleashed by the Russian Federation was directed against the Ukrainian people and that the Ukrainian national idea, whose main goal is to ensure the consolidation, cohesion and national unity of the Ukrainian nation, should play a decisive role in resisting attempts to divide the country along ideological and national lines. As with any genocide, the Russian Federation is primarily trying to erase the Ukrainian identity, so a lot of effort should be directed to its preservation. All forms of culture and art should have a major function, primarily its newest forms, which reflect the reaction of Ukrainian artists to the escalation of the war. For society, it is culture that gives a sense of the soul of the people, belonging to one's country and unity. Therefore, the special interest of researchers, not only culturalists and art historians, but also researchers of social sciences in the topics of the transformation of Ukrainian society in the conditions of war, can trace certain trends, images, forms that change and reflect specific periods of living in collective traumatized by war, as well as the multiplicity of experiences in dense reality wartime in Ukraine and beyond. It is indicated that the destruction of Ukrainian culture during a large-scale war is not an accident. The desire to protect one's state has become a unifying factor of Ukrainian society, which, speaking about the unique qualities of Ukrainian identity through cultural practices, unites the whole world around Ukraine, leaving no chance for the aggressor to escape responsibility. The importance of Ukrainian cultural and artistic practices as a significant factor in the consolidation of Ukrainianness in the conditions of Russian aggression for the establishment of Ukrainian identity is proven.
It is shown that the war unleashed by the Russian Federation is directed against the Ukrainian people and, as with any genocide, the Russian Federation is primarily trying to erase Ukrainian identity. Unfortunately, children also suffer from this aggression. Currently, it is impossible to even imagine the long-term consequences of this demographic catastrophe for Ukraine, which has already experienced four waves of forced migration, but we have not yet known such a number of refugees among the female and child population. In view of that, many efforts should be directed to preserve Ukrainian identity abroad and to preserve life and future for our children. Women took a big role in this, mostly on a volunteer basis. The volunteer movement, primarily its forms and methods in Ukraine, should be of particular interest to researchers. Volunteer experience is an important factor in the development of non-formal education in Europe and Ukraine, as noted by Maya Dernova, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Visiting Professor of the Department of Adult Education and Lifelong Education at Augsburg University (Germany). It is emphasized that today the whole world understands how important the language of cultural diplomacy is becoming in order to oppose the pro-Russian narrative. In this information war, it is culture that becomes a soft but effective weapon. Telling about the unique qualities of Ukrainian culture and history, it unites the whole world around Ukraine, leaving no chance for the aggressor to escape responsibility. The importance of ensuring the functioning of Ukrainian schools abroad as a factor of Ukrainian cultural creation, preservation of Ukrainian identity and connection with Ukraine has been proven. The main thing is that after the victory, it is easy for the children to return and adapt to the Ukrainian education system, for the sake of their own future.
The functioning of the Ukrainian language in the conditions of full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine is analyzed. It was revealed that after February 24, 2022, the language issue became relevant in Ukrainian society, as Russian aggression contributed to the process of Ukrainization and the return of lost positions to the Ukrainian language in all spheres of society. It was found that, according to sociological surveys, there is a constant decrease in Russian-speaking Ukrainians and an increase in Ukrainian-speaking citizens. It was established that only the Ukrainian language should be used in public space, and the transition to the Ukrainian language should take place gradually, but purposefully. It has been observed that the first level of stabilization of language stability was made by language legislation, namely the Law of Ukraine "On Ensuring the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as a State", which entered into force on July 16, 2019, and during 2019-2022 was gradually introduced into all spheres of Ukrainian society . It is justified that its implementation helped the Ukrainian language to regain its rightful place in the Ukrainian state, it should be noted separately that on July 16, 2022, separate norms of the language law entered into force, which established the status of the Ukrainian language in the information and business spheres. It was revealed that the second level of language stabilization is the Ukrainian government, which, using legislative, executive and judicial bodies, will implement and improve language legislation. It has been proven that the third level of language stabilization is the citizens of Ukraine, both ethnic Ukrainians and representatives of other nationalities, who can and should influence language stability. It is well-founded that returning the Ukrainian language to its proper status in the Ukrainian state in all areas of its life will help unite the Ukrainian political nation and motivate to defeat the Russian aggressors.
In the information space of modern Ukraine, in fact, since the first months of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in 2022 on the territory of the country, the concept of "female face of war" has been established in the characterization of this war. Nobel laureate S. Aleksievich's book "The War Does Not Have a Female Face is important for conducting a comparative analysis of the experiences of women front-line soldiers during the Second World War and the current Ukrainian-Russian wars. The idea of the book does not contradict the understanding of war as "female", which is highlighted in the text of this intelligence. Soviet historians actually did not take into account the testimonies of women front-line soldiers, which is why the war with German fascism did not have a "female face". It did not appear in the stories of the combatants. It is in this sense that the title of Svitlana Aleksievich's book "The War Does Not Have a Female Face" should be interpreted. The purpose of this intelligence is to conduct an analysis of what happens to women in war and whether there are gender specifics in such events. Within the framework of the announced task, the issue of the "female/non-female face" of war is also resolved. The experience accumulated by the Ukrainian society in the fight against the Russian aggressor during the previous 8 years of the hybrid war and during the period of the full-scale invasion of the territory of Ukraine from February 24, 2022, showed that this war also has a "female face". The gender specificity of experiencing war exists; however, it is not of decisive importance for practical actions in the struggle for freedom and independence. Nevertheless, the study of all the characteristics of this war is an indispensable condition for the creation of a coherent scientifically based picture of this historical event and its truthful coverage. Such intelligence is also important for assessing the prospects of female leadership in Ukraine, in particular, the military.
