Suchergebnisse

The tasks of peace education -- The contours of U.S. foreign policy : a critical peace education perspective -- Unacknowledged guilt and U.S. militarism -- George W. Bush and the resurrection of the chosenness syndrome after September 11 : a unique challenge for peace education -- The war on "terrorism," Iraq and the challenges for peace education -- The International Criminal Court as a peace educator : a challenge for the United States -- Toward a critical peace pedagogy of nonviolent tension

This paper challenges the prevailing narrative of the 1991 Persian Gulf War as a popular war. While support for war against Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990, was evident, it was not universally shared by U.S. citizens. Substantial antiwar rallies occurred during the build‐up to war. In addition, soldiers who refused orders grew rapidly during the short conflict. This paper documents the considerable tide of antiwar dissent, with special attention given to GI resisters. A related focus is the underreporting and mismanagement of conscientious objector claims during the war, which is inseparable from the general tendency to discourage and reduce dissent. Scholarly studies have all but ignored this GI resistance, and the very suggestion that there was a viable GI antiwar movement during the Persian Gulf War is likely to arouse doubt and suspicion. By foregrounding GI opposition, and how the military systematically attempted to expunge it, this essay helps to illustrate that the so‐called popular war was met with significant resistance.

Scholar Michael Hardt has recently published a collection of Thomas Jefferson's writings. He suggests that Jefferson's political views often work in favor of local people's movements. The challenge is to recover the best of Jefferson so that the Left might avoid a top‐down organizing approach that frequently disarms workers and ordinary citizens, despite the best intentions. Historian and labor lawyer Staughton Lynd long ago argued for local, alternative institutions as a means by which workers' movements could gain the rights they desire based on an American revolutionary tradition. This article examines Lynd's political philosophy and the potential of decentralization to empower people's movements. It explores the meaning of unemployment councils in the 1930s to the more recent Zapatista movement. While the article takes a theoretical approach to organizing, it holds practical implications for those concerned with worker empowerment.