Reasons for Entering into Sex Work in Iran: A Comparison Between Women Who Initiated Sex Work as Minors and Those as Adults
In: Sexuality & culture, Band 26, Heft 2, S. 762-775
ISSN: 1936-4822
10 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Sexuality & culture, Band 26, Heft 2, S. 762-775
ISSN: 1936-4822
In: Sexuality & culture, Band 25, Heft 2, S. 646-659
ISSN: 1936-4822
In: The prison journal: the official publication of the Pennsylvania Prison Society, Band 98, Heft 2, S. 213-228
ISSN: 1552-7522
We explored the potential of using three indirect methods including crosswise, proxy respondent method, and network scale-up (NSU) in comparison with direct questioning in collecting sensitive and socially stigmatized HIV-related risk behavior information from Iranian prisoners. Participants reported more sexual contact in prison for their friends than they did for themselves. In men, NSU provided lower estimates than direct questioning, whereas in women NSU estimates were higher. Different data collection methods provide different estimates and collectively offer a more comprehensive picture of HIV-related risk behaviors in prisons.
In: Substance use & misuse: an international interdisciplinary forum, Band 52, Heft 9, S. 1214-1221
ISSN: 1532-2491
In: Children and youth services review: an international multidisciplinary review of the welfare of young people, Band 119, S. 105526
ISSN: 0190-7409
In: Children and youth services review: an international multidisciplinary review of the welfare of young people, Band 116, S. 105070
ISSN: 0190-7409
In: Substance use & misuse: an international interdisciplinary forum, Band 58, Heft 2, S. 298-305
ISSN: 1532-2491
In: Int J Health Policy Manag., Band 5(1):5-11, Heft 2016
SSRN
INTRODUCTION: Preventing tuberculosis (TB) disease requires treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) as well as prevention of person-to-person transmission. We estimated the LTBI prevalence for the entire United States and for each state by medical risk factors, age, and race/ethnicity, both in the total population and stratified by nativity. METHODS: We created a mathematical model using all incident TB disease cases during 2013–2017 reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System that were classified using genotype-based methods or imputation as not attributed to recent TB transmission. Using the annual average number of TB cases among US-born and non-US-born persons by medical risk factor, age group, and race/ethnicity, we applied population-specific reactivation rates (and corresponding 95% confidence intervals [CI]) to back-calculate the estimated prevalence of untreated LTBI in each population for the United States and for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2015. RESULTS: We estimated that 2.7% (CI: 2.6%–2.8%) of the U.S. population, or 8.6 (CI: 8.3–8.8) million people, were living with LTBI in 2015. Estimated LTBI prevalence among US-born persons was 1.0% (CI: 1.0%–1.1%) and among non-US-born persons was 13.9% (CI: 13.5%–14.3%). Among US-born persons, the highest LTBI prevalence was in persons aged ≥65 years (2.1%) and in persons of non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (3.1%). Among non-US-born persons, the highest LTBI prevalence was estimated in persons aged 45–64 years (16.3%) and persons of Asian and other racial/ethnic groups (19.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Our estimations of the prevalence of LTBI by medical risk factors and demographic characteristics for each state could facilitate planning for testing and treatment interventions to eliminate TB in the United States. Our back-calculation method feasibly estimates untreated LTBI prevalence and can be updated using future TB disease case counts at the state or national level.
BASE
In: Substance use & misuse: an international interdisciplinary forum, Band 52, Heft 6, S. 754-759
ISSN: 1532-2491