Suchergebnisse

The concept of public interest is equally related to the (public construction) land, the land use of general / public interest or public interest activities, such as activities related to environment and protection of cultural heritage. In the period of transition, public interest, in the situation of a flexible interpretation of the plans, the current legislative context, arbitrary treatment by the various institutions and pressures of the capital is increasingly losing its significance. Such phenomena are in conflict with the basic premises of sustainable development of the city, which is to be measured through operationalization at least by: Social sustainability and the application of the principle of equality through the creation of physical conditions for the minimization of social differences and favoring of social and spatial cohesion; Sustainable urban planning - local planning strategies that are developed to take into account the welfare of the local economy and population; Sustainable land use; Institutional sustainability, which includes the improvement of procedures and institutional arrangements that contribute to the introduction of an integrated approach. Following the approach 'learning from mistakes', the paper presents an example of treatment of sports and recreational areas in Belgrade in the current local practice, discussing if this treatment can be sustainable, and whether the profession should resist the above transition trends. ; Pojam javnog interesa se jednako vezuje za (gradsko građevinsko) zemljište, namenu od opšteg / javnog interesa, ili pak aktivnosti od javnog interesa, kao što je slučaj sa aktivnostima vezanim za zaštitu životne sredine ili zaštitu kulturnih dobara. U periodu tranzicije javni interes, u situaciji fleksibilne interpretacije planova, aktuelnog zakonodavnog konteksta, arbitrarnog tretmana od strane brojnih institucija i pritiska kapitala sve više gubi na značaju. Ovakve pojave u suprotnosti su sa osnovnim premisama održivog razvoja grada, koje operacionalizacijom treba da se iskazuju najmanje kroz: Socijalnu održivost i primenu principa jednakosti kroz stvaranje prostornih uslova za minimiziranje socijalnih razlika odnosno favorizovanje socijalne i prostorne kohezije; Održivo urbanističko planiranje - strategije lokalnog planiranja koje se razvijaju tako da uzimaju u obzir dobrobit lokalne privrede i stanovništva; Održivo korišćenje zemljišta; Institucionalnu održivost, koja podrazumeva unapređenje procedura i institucionalnih aranžmana što doprinosi uvođenju integrativnog pristupa. Sledeći pristup učenja na greškama, ukazujemo na primer tretmana nekih sportskih i rekreativnih površina u Beogradu u aktuelnoj domaćoj praksi, diskutujući koliko se ovakav tretman može smatrati održivim kao i da li struka može da se odupire navedenim tranzicionim trendovima.

Serbia as a neighbouring EU country is, like some other countries, facing the problems of incoherent urban and regional development, of tackling the urban growth and of deficit of integrated urban strategies. On the other hand, specific problems of Serbia are related to the possibilities of integration of special socioeconomic groups, such as low income citizens, refugees etc. Having this in mind, it is understandable that Serbia is coping with even bigger problem of affordable and social housing, which has become an emergency even in cities with a weak demographic growth in developed countries. The problem of the lack of adequate affordable housing and its capacity is often followed by the problem of real social integration of vulnerable social groups. The pressure of these problems is more visible in Belgrade, Serbian capital since it deals with the demographic pressure and growth for a long time, and especially in past two decades. As a consequence of this pressure many previously agriculture areas at the fringes of the city have become illegal settlements. Being a developing country severely hit by economic crisis in past few years, Serbia will not easily reform its housing policy and enable growth of the affordable housing which will meet demands. It is also not very likely to expect that the problem of illegal settlements will vanish or even lessen since the actual Serbian political framework is encouraging legalization process. So what is to be done? Is it realistic to treat such big issues of urban development separately? Or maybe it is possible to change the prospective and try use problems in the way they partly solve each other? This paper will enlighten the problem of illegal housing in unconventional way – by trying to understand the illegal settlements as areas of social/affordable housing and social integration. It will also discuss the possibilities of urban upgrading and regeneration of illegal settlements making them liveable places and areas which can be integrated into the Belgrade development.

The right to accessibility is important urban planning issue today and it has a wider meaning. It is not any longer merely understood as physical accessibility, but it also includes transit accessibility and accessibility to social and public services, open spaces and centres. Furthermore, urban accessibility issue has been introduced lately into Serbian planning practice and regulation. These are the main reasons for making urban accessibility key words in this paper. Urban accessibility is especially important and related to social groups who have fewer possibilities to improve their life in urban environment. Apart from accessibility, these groups similarly realize other rights in the cities in developed societies, such as the right to home/shelter and based on that – the right to access social housing. Social housing has also brought more attention lately in Serbian practice and legislative. Since both mentioned rights are related to vulnerable social groups, it is easy to notice their interconnection. In the first place, the development of urban accessibility and defining accessibility related criteria can contribute to the development of social housing and also can relate to the housing areas distribution. In Serbian context it is especially applicable in Belgrade, since its size and the role of capital, more severe than in the rest of Serbia, bring about housing and urban transport issues as well as wide range of urban accessibility issues. This paper has intention to present the possibilities of social housing improvement through the theoretical study of urban accessibility, while its aim is to define the set of actions for the improvement of social housing planning, using the concept of accessibility.

The paper discusses the negative influence of global economic forces and transition changes against the intention of local municipalities and local inhabitants to achieve better quality of life and better social integration in local environment. Strong economic crisis affecting cities worldwide and transition trends in post-socialistic countries are the most significant drive force of the development/decline of Serbian cities. It reflects on changing the city structure, lessening the functional diversity and shrinking the public space as most vulnerable and least profitable areas in the city. Public interest and the public space in the current context of legislation, arbitrary treatment of singular locations by some institutions and professionals and pressures of the capital is increasingly losing its significance. On the other hand, even in such conditions the awareness of local municipalities and local inhabitants about the quality of life as well as about the importance of involvement in participation process as a way to impact local livability has grown during the past decade. Such actions of local community rely upon the strong theoretical background focusing sustainable and integrative urban design approach and protection and enhancement of public space and public realm, as well as upon the principles of social integration and cohesion for the local community. Following the approach of "learning from mistakes", the paper presents an example of treatment of sports and recreational facilities within residential areas in Belgrade in the current local planning practice, discussing how this treatment can be considered in sustainable way, resisting the transition trends and economic crisis forces and making the local city space more resilient and livable. As a result, this approach also brings other benefits to the city as whole, making planning procedures more effective and sustainable and creating additional value to the city areas.

Serbian medium-sized cities went through dramatic changes in the last two decades. From national and regional centres of industrial productions in 70s and 80s, became cities with economical and demographic recession. They have lost their regional and, in some cases, even national competitiveness, as well as previously created advantages and networks. The process of transition from planned to market economy and privatization of state companies in the last decade, did not give the expected results in the cities development stimulation. A delayed entrance of the cities into global competition for mobile capital, after political and economic sanctions in the 90s, made their attempts for positioning in urban networks even more difficult. The rise of foreign investment inflow in 2002, which was seen as a cure for the degradation of the cities, was interrupted by the global economic crisis. New challenging circumstances have put stress on new strategies and anticipatory plans for Serbian mediumsized cities development. This paper explores competitive potentials of medium-sized cities for their introduction in specialized global urban networks. It also analyzes the enhancement of their position in knowledge and innovation based economies, and applies them to chosen, case study Serbia. The aim of the paper is to present the approach to strategic planning of Serbian cities, which could withstand global economy changes; long-term plans relying on their inner resources, the existing and potentially created ones, which will reinforce the cities and make them competitive.

Food tourism is being seen as one of the fastest growing industries over the second half of the twentieth century (e.g. Saeter, 1998; Smith, 1988) and a key support for the rural development. In declining rural areas, food tourism is often seen as an additional economic activity and a method of retaining rural regions (Font and Ahjem, 1999). Urban-rural connections are important for poverty assuagement, sustainable rural land use and balanced territorial development in general. Additionally, strong bonds can improve the overall living conditions and employment chances for both rural and urban areas (Tacoli, 1998, 2003; Rosenthal, 2000). The primary purpose of this study is to foster relationships between urban and rural areas by developing a concept proposal for food tourism, through the. at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade. The proposal was created during the two theoretical and project-based courses, focused on the sustainable planning and design in the natural environment. The location chosen for the project is a medieval fortress . with its surroundings, located in the gorge of Ibar, 20 km south of the city of Kraljevo. Having lost its primary function, the site is nowadays poorly visited. This problem is seen as a challenge to reinvent the urban/rural landscape and create an attractive ambient which relates to the revitalised historical site. As a result, the specific concept of food tourism called "slow food" is developed, both based on tradition and modern values, further elaborated through the planning proposal and urban design project. Following the specific planning and urban design methodology, the extensive research is drawn upon mostly primary and secondary sources, including analysis of urban plans in different scales, comprehensive literature review, as well as cooperation with local authorities and institutions. The full purpose and value of the proposal are confirmed by the city government of Kraljevo and several city agencies and institutes, as the proposal initialized the discussion and revival of the ideas for the important but forgotten historic place and its rural background.

The reflection of social, political and most of all economic transition in Serbia has brought the challenges of changes in the field of planning and building laws and regulation and consequently in planning and building standards and norms for housing. The process of shifting from state driven, socialistic legislative framework and practice to the market driven is still shaking the planning and building environment and leaving the sensitive urban function of housing unattended and exposed to the negative influence of these changes. Hence the appropriate housing regulation, in accordance with EU legislative housing context and good practice, is treated as initiative factor for housing development in Serbia. The subject of the analysis in this paper is the Act of the general rules of parcelling, regulation and building, which is important because it is strongly related to the current urban planning practice in Serbia. Accordingly, selected norms defined by the Act will be compared to the cases of best EU practice, with the aim to examine its potentials and the possibility of improvement.

The paper deals with the planning basis, analysis and assessment of developmental status and general trends of Kuršumlija municipality, as well as the status of development planning, resource management and the constraints of social development and public services. Although not considered as a prioritized development and planning choice, the local sustainable social development represents a significant support to long-term development strategies and to demographic stability. This segment of spatial development planning is closely related to social values, political and economic context, which perform a variety of effects on the constitution of its concept. The aim of the paper is to show that different, and sometimes conflicting concepts of the social development that are defined at higher planning levels, need to be checked in relation to local specificities and requirements. Based on that, it is possible to create a concept of public services spatial development that will be applicable and will meet the demands and potentials of the local community. ; Rad se bavi planskom osnovom, analizom i ocenom stanja i opštih razvojnih kretanja opštine Kuršumlija, kao i stanjem razvijenosti i planiranja, potencijalima i ograničenjima socijalnog razvoja i razvoja javnih službi. Iako se ne smatra prioritetnim razvojnim i planskim opredeljenjem, lokalni održivi socijalni razvoj predstavlja značajnu podršku dugoročnim strategijama razvoja i oslonac za demografsku stabilnost. Ovaj segment planiranja prostornog razvoja u tesnoj je vezi sa društvenim vrednosnim opredeljenjima, političkim i ekonomskim kontekstom koji vrše različite uticaje na konstituisanje njegovog koncepta. Cilj rada je da pokaže da je različite, ponekad i oprečne koncepcije razvoja ovog sektora definisane na višem nivou je potrebno proveriti u odnosu na lokalne specifičnosti i zahteve i u odnosu na to kreirati koncept prostornog razvoja javnih službi koji će biti primenljiv i odgovoriti na zahteve i mogućnosti lokalne sredine.

This paper deals with the structural changes of the development of the National Park Kopaonik region and discusses different points of view. The emphasis has been put on the relation between seemingly opposite concepts: different aspects of sustainable planning on one side, and market requrements on the other. Sustainable planning and market requirements in the current planning practice in Serbia are predominantly observed as opposing concepts which, in many cases exclude each other. In that context, environmental – ecological sustainability is mostly the only aspect treated by local, regional and republic government bodies, whilst the market demands and the growth of local economy are practically viewed only as profitability and economic gain. As a result, this paper will emphasize the pros and cons of both approaches, giving the possibilities of coexistence and potential compatibility these two concepts through the example of local plan for valuable natural area within National Park. Therefore, the framework for local planning is based on preservation of natural resources and outstanding potential for tourism, sport and recreation. Sustainability through intelligent resource management seems to be the only acceptable concept where regional values and local needs can meet. The papers presents the course of research and practical application of selected principles which, unifying and giving equal importance to ecological, institutional, social and economic sustainability, create realistic conditions for the development of local communities and spatial units with special natural values on the basis of good managing and preserving resources and the revival of local economy.

Serbia has been facing migration and influx of refugees and internally displaced persons since the 1990s. At the same time, the country went through significant changes in the political and socio-economic regime, planning and urban development practice and urban land management, which had effects on development of housing solutions as well. Serbian planning system is influenced by its path dependency in relation to socialist era and later transitional stages. Moreover, it is directed towards adjusting to market economy and EU perspective, where various international influences were developed during the period of support through programs and projects of international assistance for the socio-economic integration of refugees. Some of these programs are still ongoing. The contribution of this paper is to offer basis for understanding the influences on development of both formal and informal planning instruments for housing solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons from 1990s to 2015, with Serbia being taken as an illustrative case. The nature of housing solutions is examined in relation to different state policies, concepts and planning practices, as well as systemic solutions in legal framework within particular focus on: introduction of different forms of ownership, regulation of norms and standards of planning, new institutional solutions, and treatment of housing as a public interest. Finally, this paper will demonstrate that in a transitional society, legal framework represents a prerequisite but not a guarantee of enforcement, where complexity of its operationalization is closely related to real political and socio-economic context.